Context:
The Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD), under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, observed World Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Day on 30th May 2023, joining the global MS community in raising awareness and fostering connections. With the theme of ‘connections’ for the 2020-2023 period.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
Dimensions of the Article:
- About Multiple Sclerosis
- Symptoms
- Causes
- Treatment
About Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering called the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Here are some key points about Multiple Sclerosis:
Symptoms:
- Muscle weakness and numbness.
- Bladder problems, such as difficulty emptying the bladder or frequent and sudden urination.
- Bowel problems.
- Fatigue.
- Dizziness.
- Damaged nerve fibers in the spinal cord.
Diagnosis:
- MS can be challenging to diagnose as symptoms are often nonspecific, leading to delayed diagnosis.
- Diagnostic tests include neurological examination, medical history assessment, MRI scans, and other tests to rule out alternative conditions.
Causes:
The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors.
- Genetic factors: There may be a genetic predisposition to developing MS.
- Environmental factors: Smoking and stress have been associated with an increased risk.
- Vitamin D and B12 deficiency have also been suggested as potential factors.
Treatment:
- There is no known cure for MS, but various treatment options are available to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life.
- Treatment may involve medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and lifestyle modifications.
- It’s important for individuals experiencing symptoms associated with MS to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.
Source: The Hindu
