Which of the above can be cultured in an artificial/ synthetic medium?

Consider the following:

1. Bacteria

2. Fungi

3. Virus

Which of the above can be cultured in an artificial/ synthetic medium?(2021)

a) 1 and 2 only

b) 2 and 3 only

c) 1 and 3 only

d) 1,2 and 3

Answer: A
Unlike bacteria, many of which can be grown on an artificial nutrient medium, viruses require a living host cell for replication. Infected host cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic) can be cultured and grown, and then the growth medium can be harvested as a source of virus.