Introduction: The Need for Sustainable Construction
- The construction industry is a major contributor to climate change, particularly through the production of fired clay bricks.
- Nearly 300 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions are generated annually from brick manufacturing.
- Urbanization is expected to increase this burden, necessitating alternative materials.
Relevance : GS 3(Technology)
What Are Mycelium Bricks?
- Mycelium refers to the vegetative part of fungi, composed of branching filaments.
- These bricks are made by combining husk, sawdust, and fungal spores, creating a lightweight, insulative, and biodegradable material.
- Within a few days, the fibrous network solidifies, forming a sturdy structure.
Advantages of Mycelium Bricks
- Sustainability – Biodegradable and significantly lower carbon footprint.
- Lightweight – Easier to transport and install.
- Thermal Insulation – Good heat resistance, making it energy-efficient.
- Fire Resistance – Naturally resists flames without releasing toxic fumes.
- Versatile Applications – Potential uses in interior design, liquid filters, sports equipment, and electronics.
Challenges & Limitations
- Low Load-Bearing Capacity – Cannot replace concrete for heavy structures.
- Moisture Sensitivity – Absorbs water, making it unsuitable for damp environments.
- Biodegradability – While an advantage, it also limits long-term structural use.
- Production Cost & Infrastructure – Scaling up production remains expensive.
- Susceptibility to Termites – Needs additional protective treatment.
Possible Solutions
- Strength Enhancement: Research on hybrid materials to improve load-bearing capacity.
- Fire & Moisture Resistance: Non-toxic flame retardants and UV-protective coatings.
- Policy & Market Push: Government incentives and awareness campaigns to promote adoption.
Future Outlook
- The demand for sustainable materials is increasing, driven by climate concerns and innovations in high-performance buildings.
- Startups and research institutions, like Roha Biotech (IIT Madras), are working on improving the feasibility of mycelium bricks.
- With policy support and R&D investments, mycelium-based construction could become a viable alternative to traditional bricks.
