Static Quiz 26 October 2022 (Art & Culture)

Both the statements are correct.

Sufism is the mystical arm of Islam. Sufis represent the inner side of the Islam creed (tasawwuf).
It stresses on self realisation, tolerance, righteousness and universal love for all. The word finds its roots in Arabic word for wool (suf), indicative of the garments of rough wool worn by the ascetics and even the prophets. The word Sufism is sometimes also traced to root word safā which in Arabic means purity.

Characteristics
• The Sufis tried to purify their inner self by rigid introspection and mental struggle so as to remove even the smallest sign of selfishness and attain ikhlās, absolute purity of intention and act.
• The mystics realized that beyond the knowledge of outward sciences, intuitive knowledge was required in order to receive that illumination to which reason has no access.
• Dhawq, direct “tasting” of experience, was essential for them

Padshahnama was written by Abdul Hamid Lahori. It is about Shah Jahan.

Both the statements are correct.

The Economic and Social Council is at the heart of the United Nations system to advance the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental. It is the central platform for fostering debate and innovative thinking, forging consensus on ways forward, and coordinating efforts to achieve internationally agreed goals. It is also responsible for the follow-up to major UN conferences and summits.

The UN Charter established ECOSOC in 1945 as one of the six main organs of the United Nations.

ECOSOC has 54 member Governments which are elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly. Seats on the Council are allotted based on geographical representation with fourteen allocated to African States, eleven to Asian States, six to Eastern European States, ten to Latin American and Caribbean States, and thirteen to Western European and other States.

Bhaskaracharya is famous for his book Siddanta Shiromani. It is divided into four sections: Lilavati (Arithmetic), Beejaganit (Algebra), Goladhyaya (Sphere) and Grahaganit (mathematics of planets). Bhaskara introduced Chakrawat Method or the Cyclic Method to solve algebraic equations. This method was rediscovered six centuries later by European mathematicians, who called it inverse cycle. In the nineteenth century, an English man, James Taylor, translated Lilavati and made this great work known to the world.

In 7th century, Brahmgupta took mathematics to heights far beyond others. In his methods of multiplication, he used place value in almost the same way as it is used today. He introduced negative numbers and operations on zero into mathematics. He wrote Brahm Sputa Siddantika. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
Jain Guru Mahaviracharya wrote Ganit Sara Sangraha in 850A.D., which is the first textbook on arithmetic in present day form. The current method of solving Least common Multiple (LCM) of given numbers was also described by him. Hence statement 2 is correct.

About UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage:
This coveted list is made up of those intangible heritage elements that help demonstrate diversity of
cultural heritage and raise awareness about its importance.
The list was established in 2008 when Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural
Heritage came into effect.
It has two parts viz. Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and List of
Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of urgent safeguarding.

Intangible Cultural Heritages added into this list include:
1. Tradition of Vedic chanting
2. Ramlila, the traditional performance of the Ramayana
3. Kutiyattam, Sanskrittheatre
4. Ramman, religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas.
5. Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala
6. Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan
7. Chhau dance
8. Buddhist chanting of Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir.
9. Sankirtana, ritual singing, drumming and dancing of Manipur
10. Traditional brass and copper craft of utensil making among the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru, Punjab
11. Yoga
12. Nawrouz
13. KumbhMela