Static Quiz 25 June 2022 (History)

Ans;- d) All of the above

About Noticeable features of Hoysala art

• Makartorana : It leads to the mantapa of the temples. It is made with sculpted images of makara in lintel form that overhead one to the temple.
• Cella (vimana) : The characteristic feature of vimana in Hoysala temples is that they are plain inside while outside is profusely elaborated.
• Salabhanjika : It is the peculiar feature of Hoysala sculpture.
The origin of this mythical woman figure trace back its origin from the Buddhist sculpture. Salabhanjika or madanika is a mythical women figure with stylized feminine characters who stands near a tree or grasping a branch of a tree. Sometimes, they are portrayed engaging in artistic activities like music, dance etc.
These sculpted figures are seen in each four bracket that places in the top of pillars of Hoysala temples. Besides this, each side of the makartorana is heavily sculpted with figures of salabhanjika.
• The Chennakeshava Temple commissioned by Vishnuvardhana, Vesara architecture at Belur

Ans;- b) Hoysala

Explanation;-

• Stellate plan: These shrines are established intricately in the design of a star.
• The vimanas are either stellate, semi–stellate or orthogonal in plan. The intricately carved banded plinths, a distinguishing characteristic of the Hoysala temples, comprise a series of horizontal courses that run as rectangular strips with narrow recesses between them.
• Stellate plan of shrine in Chennakeshava Temple, Aralaguppe, Karnataka

Ans;- d) Vikramaditya II

Explanation;-

The Mallikarjuna and the Virupaksha temples at Pattadakal, were built by two queens of Vikaramaditya II, to commemorate the victory of the Chalukyas over the Pallavas. 
• Virupaksha temple, built by Queen Lokamahadevi, was originally called Lokeshwara.

Ans;- c) Chalukyas

Explanation;-
• The Chalukyas developed the vesara style in the building of structural temples.
• However, the vesara style reached its culmination only under the Rashtrakutas and the Hoysalas.
• The Vesara style (if defined as beginning only with the Western Chalukyas in the late 10th-century) contains elements of both Dravida and Nagara styles.
• In particular the shape of the superstructure over the sanctum is usually pyramidal in profile, and shorter than the northern shikhara tower.
• In plan the walls and superstructure are broadly circular, or a straight-sided cone, though its geometry is based on rotating a square imposed on a circle. It has rather different decoration and motifs to either.
• One common motif is in fact miniature shikharas, often of the bhumija type, showing that the architects were well aware of northern styles.

Ans;- a) Only 1 and 2

Explanation;-

• The best specimens of Chalukya paintings can be seen in the Badami cave temple and in the Ajanta caves.
• Their cave temples are found in Ajanta, Ellora and Nasik.
• The Chalukya temples may be divided into two stages.
• The first stage is represented by the temples at Aihole and Badami.
• The second stage is represented by the temples at Pattadakal
• The oldest temple at Pattadakal is the simple but massive Sangamesvara built by Vijayaditya Satyasraya (A.D. 697-733). The Mallikarjuna and the Virupaksha temples at Pattadakal, were built by two queens of Vikaramaditya II, to commemorate the victory of the Chalukyas over the Pallavas.