Static Quiz 18 November 2023 (History)

Ans;- d) All of the above

Explanation;-

• All the statements are correct.

• The beautiful and grand Pallava style of architecture can be divided into four phases or styles:
• 1. Mahendra style (600-625 AD)
2. Mammala style (625-674 AD)
3. Rajasimha and Nadivarman style (674-800 AD)
4. Aparajita style (early 9th century)
• The Pallava era witnesses a transition from rock-cut to free-standing temples.
• Mahendravarman was a pioneer in rock-cut architecture.
• Mandagapattu rock-cut temple was the first rock-cut temple built by him.
• Narasimhaverman II also known as Rajasimha built the Kanchi Kailasanatha Temple during the late 7th century AD.

Ans;- d) None of the above

Explanation;-

• As question asked to choose incorrect statements but both the statements are correct.

• The Pallava dynasty existed between the 3rd and 9th centuries CE, ruling a portion of what is today Andhra Pradesh (early Pallavas) and Tamil Nadu (later Pallavas).
• The Pallava architecture shows the transition from the rock cut temples to the stone built temples.  
• The earliest examples of the Pallava art are the rock cut temples of the 7th century AD, while the later examples are of structural temples built in 8th and 9th century.
• The lasting monolithic temples known as rathas and mandapas provide superb skill of sculptors of Pallava period.
• The monolithic temples (Eg: Five rathas) gave way to structural temples like the Shore temple in Mammalapuram.

Ans;- b) Mahabalipuram

Explanation;-

• It is in Mahabalipuram, there are other Rathas for all Pandavas.
• One of these rock cut temples is known as the Draupadi Ratha. 
• It is a rock ­cut imitation of a mud hut, supported by wooden posts, crowned by an imitation of a thatched roof. The Draupadi Ratha consists of a square cell, with not even a portico, surmounted by a. hanging roof suggestive in its shape of a Bengali hut
• There is every reason to believe that this, like so many other forms of structural Indian architecture is an imitation of a proto-type construction of bamboo and thatch.
• Two lovely girls adorn the entrance, each carved in a small niche provided for the purpose on either side of the entrance.
• A floral decoration runs along the edge of the roof which, according to some, is nothing but a rock cut representation of the original brass or copper edging over the thatching to keep it in position.

 Ans; – c) Only 1,2,4 and 5
Explanation; –
• Odantapuri: It is located in Bihar and was made under the patronage of Pala dynasty King Gopala I. It was a Buddhist Mahavira.
• Vikramshila: It is located in present-day Bhagalpur district of Bihar. It was established by King Dharmapala of Pala dynasty, primarily as a Buddhist learning centre.
• Valabhi: It was situated in Saurashtra, Gujarat. It was an important centre of learning for the Hinayana Buddhism.
• Kancheepuram: It was a centre of learning for Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism from 1st century AD and achieved great name under the rule of Pallavas.
• Malinithan is a temple dedicated to Deity Durga in her Shakti form located in Northern bank of the Brahmaputra River, Arunachal Pradesh.

Ans;- b) Only 2

Explanation;-

• The statement 1st is incorrect beacsue Harshavardhana was a Shaivite, but later Hiuen Tsang converted him to Mahayana Buddhism, not Hinayana.
• Hiuen Tsang who visited Harshvardhana’s empire noted Buddhism was declining in India while Brahmanism was on rise.