Static Quiz 18 March 2025 ( Polity )

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:
• The President is empowered under Article 356 of the Constitution to proclaim a ‘State Emergency’ (President’s Rule) if satisfied that the government of a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, often due to failure to comply with Union directives. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Once proclaimed, the President’s Rule requires parliamentary approval within two months (under Article 356(3)) from both Houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) to remain in force. Thus, statement 2 is correct.
• Since both statements are accurate, the answer is (c) Both 1 and 2.

Correct Answer: (c) It can be revoked by the subsequent proclamation by the President himself/herself

Explanation:
• Under Article 356(2), the President’s Rule can be revoked by a subsequent proclamation issued by the President. There is no requirement for parliamentary action or a fixed duration for revocation.
• Option (a) is incorrect because revocation does not require a bill in the Rajya Sabha.
• Option (b) is incorrect because the Governor’s recommendation is not constitutionally mandated for revocation.
• Option (d) is incorrect because President’s Rule does not have a fixed duration that must be completed; it can be revoked earlier by the President or extended with parliamentary approval beyond six months.
• Thus, (c) is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:
• Statement 1: “The legislative process (formation of new laws) remains suspended in the state till the new legislative assembly is instated” is incorrect. During President’s Rule, the state legislature is either dissolved or suspended, but the legislative process does not necessarily remain suspended in the sense that Parliament or the President can make laws for the state (Article 357).
• Statement 2: “The President can declare that the powers of the state legislature are to be exercised by the Parliament” is correct under Article 356(1)(b).
• Statement 3: “Parliament can delegate the power to make laws for the state to the President or to any other authority specified by him” is correct under Article 357(1)(a).
• Statement 4: “Laws made during the period of the President’s Rule cease to be operational unless they are passed again by the state legislature” is incorrect. Laws made by Parliament or the President during President’s Rule remain in force even after it ends, unless repealed or altered by the state legislature (Article 357(2)).
• Thus, only statements 2 and 3 are correct, making the answer (b) 2 and 3 only.

Correct Answer: (b) During the National Emergency, the state legislature continues to exist, but in the President’s Rule, the state legislature is either suspended or dissolved

Explanation:
• Option (a) is incorrect: A National Emergency (Article 352) can last indefinitely with parliamentary approval every six months, while President’s Rule (Article 356) is initially for six months, extendable up to three years with parliamentary approval, subject to certain conditions.
• Option (b) is correct: During a National Emergency, state legislatures continue to function unless affected by other provisions, whereas under President’s Rule, the state legislature is either suspended or dissolved (Article 356(1)(c)).
• Option (c) is incorrect: During a National Emergency, Parliament can legislate on State List subjects (Article 353), but this power is not delegated to others. In President’s Rule, Parliament can delegate law-making powers to the President or another authority (Article 357).
• Option (d) is incorrect because (b) is a valid difference.
• Thus, (b) is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

Explanation:
• Statement 1: “The President must have prior approval of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha to proclaim the Financial Emergency” is incorrect. Under Article 360, the President can proclaim a Financial Emergency if satisfied that the financial stability or credit of India is threatened, and prior approval is not required. However, it must be approved by both Houses within two months.
• Statement 2: “Once it is approved by both Houses of Parliament, it can continue indefinitely” is correct. Unlike President’s Rule or National Emergency, a Financial Emergency does not have a fixed maximum duration and can continue as long as the situation persists, subject to parliamentary approval every six months if extended beyond the initial period (Article 360(4)).
• Thus, only statement 2 is correct, making the answer (b) 2 only.