Static Quiz 11 June 2022 (Geography)

Jhelum River
• The Jhelum has its source in a spring at Verinag in the south-eastern part of the Kashmir Valley. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• It flows northwards into Wular Lake (north-western part of Kashmir Valley). From Wular Lake, it changes its course southwards. At Baramulla the river enters a gorge in the hills.
• The river forms steep-sided narrow gorge through Pir Panjal Range below Baramula. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• At Muzaffarabad, the river takes a sharp hairpin bend southward.
• Thereafter, it forms the India-Pakistan boundary for 170 km and emerges at the Potwar Plateau near Mirpur.
• After flowing through the spurs of the Salt Range it debouches (emerge from a confined space into a wide, open area) on the plains near the city of Jhelum.
• It joins the Chenab at Trimmu.
• The river is navigable for about 160 km out of a total length of 724 km.

The Major and Minor Plates
The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into seven major and some minor plates.

Young Fold Mountain ridges, oceanic trenches, and/or transform faults surround the major plates. These include:
The Antarctic (and the surrounding oceanic) plate
The North American plate (with western Atlantic floor separated from the South American plate along the Caribbean islands)
The South American plate (with western Atlantic floor separated from the North American plate along the Caribbean islands)
The Pacific plate
The India-Australia-New Zealand plate
The Africa with the eastern Atlantic floor plate
Eurasia and the adjacent oceanic plate

Some important minor plates include:
• Cocos plate: Between Central America and Pacific plate
• Nazca plate: Between South America and Pacific plate
• Arabian plate: Mostly the Saudi Arabian landmass
• Philippine plate: Between the Asiatic and Pacific plate
• Caroline plate: Between the Philippine and Indian plate (North of New Guinea)
• Fuji plate: North-east of Australia
• Juan De Fuca plate: South-East of North American Plate

Laccoliths
These are large dome-shaped intrusive bodies connected by a pipe-like conduit from below.
These are intrusive counterparts of an exposed domelike batholith.
The Karnataka plateau is spotted with dome hills of granite rocks. Most of these, now exfoliated, are examples of laccoliths or batholiths.

Photosphere
• The photosphere is the bright outer layer of the Sun that emits most of the radiation.
• The photosphere is an extremely uneven surface.
• The effective temperature on the outer side of the photosphere is 6000°C.

The Indian Plate:

The Indian plate includes Peninsular India and the Australian continental portions.
In the east, it extends through Rakim Yoma Mountains of Myanmar towards the island arc along the Java Trench.
The Western margin follows Kirthar Mountain of Pakistan.
It further extends along the Makrana coast of Balochistan and joins the spreading site from the Red Sea rift southeastward along the Chagos Archipelago.
The boundary between India and the Antarctic plate is also marked by an oceanic ridge (divergent boundary) running in roughly West to East direction and merging into the spreading site, a little south of New Zealand.