Static Quiz 08 March 2025 (Environment)
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Static Quiz 08 March 2025 (Environment) For UPSC Exam
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1. Question
Photochemical smog is a significant urban air pollution issue. Which of the following is the primary cause of its formation?
CorrectCorrect Answer: B
Explanation:
• Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution that occurs in urban areas with high sunlight and traffic.
• It forms when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), emitted from vehicles and industries, react in the presence of sunlight.
• This reaction produces secondary pollutants like ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), giving the smog its characteristic haze.
• Option A (sulfur dioxide and particulate matter) relates more to industrial smog, not photochemical smog.
• Option C (carbon dioxide) is a greenhouse gas but not directly linked to photochemical smog formation.
• Option D (biomass burning) contributes to particulate pollution, not photochemical smog specifically.IncorrectCorrect Answer: B
Explanation:
• Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution that occurs in urban areas with high sunlight and traffic.
• It forms when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), emitted from vehicles and industries, react in the presence of sunlight.
• This reaction produces secondary pollutants like ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), giving the smog its characteristic haze.
• Option A (sulfur dioxide and particulate matter) relates more to industrial smog, not photochemical smog.
• Option C (carbon dioxide) is a greenhouse gas but not directly linked to photochemical smog formation.
• Option D (biomass burning) contributes to particulate pollution, not photochemical smog specifically. - Question 2 of 5
2. Question
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is used to measure air pollution levels. Which of the following pollutants is NOT typically included in the AQI?
CorrectCorrect Answer: D
Explanation:
• The AQI measures key pollutants affecting human health, including PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) (Option A), CO (Option B), and SO₂ (Option C).
• Methane (CH₄) (Option D) is a greenhouse gas but not a standard pollutant in AQI calculations, as it has less direct impact on immediate air quality.
• AQI focuses on pollutants with short-term health effects, unlike methane, which is more relevant to climate change.IncorrectCorrect Answer: D
Explanation:
• The AQI measures key pollutants affecting human health, including PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) (Option A), CO (Option B), and SO₂ (Option C).
• Methane (CH₄) (Option D) is a greenhouse gas but not a standard pollutant in AQI calculations, as it has less direct impact on immediate air quality.
• AQI focuses on pollutants with short-term health effects, unlike methane, which is more relevant to climate change. - Question 3 of 5
3. Question
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) classifies water quality based on designated best use. Which of the following parameters is NOT typically used to assess river water quality?
CorrectCorrect Answer: D
Explanation:
• River water quality is assessed using DO (Option A), BOD (Option B), and pH (Option C) to determine oxygen levels, organic pollution, and acidity.
• Ultraviolet radiation (Option D) affects water disinfection but isn’t a standard parameter for river quality classification.
• CPCB uses these metrics to categorize water for drinking, bathing, etc.IncorrectCorrect Answer: D
Explanation:
• River water quality is assessed using DO (Option A), BOD (Option B), and pH (Option C) to determine oxygen levels, organic pollution, and acidity.
• Ultraviolet radiation (Option D) affects water disinfection but isn’t a standard parameter for river quality classification.
• CPCB uses these metrics to categorize water for drinking, bathing, etc. - Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Assertion (A): Photochemical smog is primarily formed in areas with high sunlight and low humidity.
Reason (R): The reaction between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds requires ultraviolet radiation from sunlight.CorrectCorrect Answer: A
Explanation:
• Photochemical smog thrives in sunny, dry conditions (e.g., urban areas like Los Angeles), supporting the assertion.
• The reason is correct: NOx and VOCs react under UV radiation to form ozone and other pollutants, driving smog formation.
• R directly explains why sunlight is critical, making A the correct choice.IncorrectCorrect Answer: A
Explanation:
• Photochemical smog thrives in sunny, dry conditions (e.g., urban areas like Los Angeles), supporting the assertion.
• The reason is correct: NOx and VOCs react under UV radiation to form ozone and other pollutants, driving smog formation.
• R directly explains why sunlight is critical, making A the correct choice. - Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Consider the following statements about river pollution in India:
1. The Ganga Action Plan was the first river conservation initiative under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP).
2. The Yamuna River is the most polluted stretch due to industrial effluents from Delhi.
3. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) monitors river water quality using parameters like BOD and DO.
Which of the above statements are correct?CorrectCorrect Answer: D
Explanation:
• Statement 1: True, the Ganga Action Plan (1986) initiated NRCP efforts.
• Statement 2: True, Yamuna’s Delhi stretch is heavily polluted by industrial and sewage discharge.
• Statement 3: True, CPCB uses BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and DO (dissolved oxygen) to assess water quality.
• All three statements are accurate, so D is correct.IncorrectCorrect Answer: D
Explanation:
• Statement 1: True, the Ganga Action Plan (1986) initiated NRCP efforts.
• Statement 2: True, Yamuna’s Delhi stretch is heavily polluted by industrial and sewage discharge.
• Statement 3: True, CPCB uses BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and DO (dissolved oxygen) to assess water quality.
• All three statements are accurate, so D is correct.
