Context:
A new Kannada film is attempting to take the veil of stigma off from a vitiligo disease that is usually the subject of stereotypes and ignorance in India.
Relevance:
GS II: Health
Overview of Vitiligo
Nature and Causes of Vitiligo
- Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of skin color in patches. This occurs due to the destruction or malfunction of melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, which is responsible for the skin’s color.
- The exact cause of vitiligo is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors:
- Autoimmune Reaction: In many cases, the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys melanocytes.
- Environmental Triggers: Factors such as oxidative stress, physical trauma, severe sunburn, or exposure to certain chemicals might trigger the onset or exacerbation of the condition.
Symptoms and Development
- Affected individuals develop white patches on the skin, which can appear on any part of the body including the skin, hair, and mucous membranes such as the lining of the mouth.
- Vitiligo typically starts as small white spots, which can spread and merge over time to cover larger areas.
Demographics and Prevalence
- Age of Onset: It can appear at any age but is most commonly observed before the age of 30.
- Global Prevalence: Between 0.5% and 2% of the world’s population is affected by vitiligo, translating to roughly 100 million people globally. It impacts men and women equally.
Treatment Approaches
- Management of Symptoms: While there is no cure for vitiligo, various treatments are available that aim to manage the symptoms and attempt to restore some degree of skin pigmentation:
- Topical Treatments: These include corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors which may help reduce the progression of depigmentation and, in some cases, might restore pigment.
- Phototherapy: Using ultraviolet light to stimulate melanocytes can be effective in restoring some color to the affected areas.
Impact and Support
Vitiligo can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life, primarily due to cosmetic issues and the social stigma associated with visible skin conditions. Support from dermatologists, coupled with appropriate treatment plans and psychological support, can help manage the condition effectively and improve the life quality of those affected.
-Source: Down To Earth
