Context:
PM Modi during his latest ‘Mann ki baat’ episode spoke about Miyawaki plantation, the Japanese method of creating dense urban forests in a small area.
- The PM also cited the example of a Kerala-based teacher, Raafi Ramnath, who used the Miyawaki technique to transform a barren land into a mini forest called Vidyavanam by planting 115 varieties of trees.
Relevance:
GS III: Agriculture
Dimensions of the Article:
- Miyawaki Forests: A Unique Approach to Afforestation
- Key Principles of the Miyawaki Method
- Benefits of Miyawaki Forests
Miyawaki Forests: A Unique Approach to Afforestation
Methodology Development:
- Miyawaki forests or Miyawaki technique developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki.
- Originated in the 1970s with the aim to increase green cover within small areas.
Dense and Multi-layered Forests:
- Method involves creating dense forests with multiple layers of vegetation.
- Emphasizes rapid growth and mimicking the biodiversity of native forests.
Plant Diversity:
- Two to four different types of indigenous trees are planted within each square meter.
- Promotes a diverse and thriving ecosystem.
Low Maintenance:
- Plants used in Miyawaki method are mostly self-sustaining.
- Requires minimal maintenance such as manuring and watering.
Self-sustainability and Rapid Growth:
- Trees in Miyawaki forests become self-sustaining over time.
- They reach their full height within three years of planting.
Key Principles of the Miyawaki Method:
Plant Diversity and Proximity:
- Planting numerous native species in close proximity encourages natural competition and symbiotic relationships.
- Creates a self-sustaining ecosystem with a diverse range of species.
High-Density Planting:
- Trees are planted in high density to ensure quick canopy closure.
- Minimizes sunlight reaching the ground, reducing weed growth and enhancing sapling growth.
Soil Preparation:
- The soil is carefully prepared by adding organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms.
- Creates a fertile and conducive environment for tree growth.
Mulching:
- Mulch is applied to the forest floor.
- Helps retain moisture, suppress weed growth, and enhance soil fertility.
Care and Maintenance:
- Proper care and maintenance, including watering, weeding, and monitoring, are crucial during the initial years.
- Ensures the successful establishment of the forest and supports healthy growth.
Benefits of Miyawaki Forests:
Rapid Growth and High Density:
- Miyawaki forests have a remarkable growth rate, reaching maturity in a shorter time compared to traditional plantations.
- They grow 10 times faster, are 30 times denser, and contain 100 times more biodiversity.
Thriving Habitat and Biodiversity:
- Miyawaki forests become thriving habitats for birds, insects, and wildlife, contributing to overall ecosystem health and resilience.
Carbon Absorption and Climate Change Mitigation:
- The dense vegetation and rapid growth of Miyawaki forests enable efficient carbon absorption.
- They help mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Soil Enrichment:
- Careful soil preparation enriches soil fertility and structure, promoting healthier tree growth and ecosystem development.
Noise and Air Pollution Reduction:
- Miyawaki forests in urban areas act as sound barriers, helping to mitigate noise pollution.
- They contribute to improving air quality by absorbing pollutants and reducing air pollution levels.
Water Retention and Prevention of Water Pollution:
- The dense vegetation of Miyawaki forests absorbs rainfall and reduces runoff, leading to better water retention.
- They help prevent water pollution by filtering out pollutants and sediments.
Regulation of Surface Temperatures:
- Miyawaki forests can help regulate surface temperatures, particularly in urban areas affected by the urban heat island effect.
- They provide shade and cooling effects, reducing the impact of high temperatures in urban environments.
-Source: Indian Express
