LIST OF VIRAL DISEASES OF HUMANS:
| Name of disease | Caused by | Parts of body affected | Method of spread | Type of Vaccination |
| Influenza | A myxovirus (RNA virus) | Respiratory passages: epithelial lining of trachea and bronchi. | Droplet Infection | Killed virus |
| Common cold | Large variety of viruses, commonly rhino-virus (RNA Virus) | Respiratory passages | Droplet Infection | Intramuscular injection. |
| Smallpox | Variola virus (DNA virus) | Respiratory passages, then skin | Droplet Infection (Wounds in skin) | Living atteneuated virus applied by scratching skin, no longer carried |
| Chickenpox | Varicella- zoster | Blistering Skin rash | Air-borne droplets | Living attenuated virus |
| Mumps | A paramyxovirus (RNA virus) | Respiratory passages, infection via blood, salivary glands, testes in adult males | Droplet infection | Living attenuated virus |
| Measles | A paramyxovirus (RNA virus) | Respiratory passages, spreading to skin and intestines. | Droplet infection | Living attenuated virus |
| German measles (Rubella) | Rubella virus | Respiratory passages, lymph nodes in neck, eyes and skin. | Droplet infection | Living attenuated virus, more essential for girls because disease causes complication in pregnancy. |
| Poliomyelitis (polio) | Poliovirus (RNA Virus) | Pharynx and intestines, then blood; occasionally motor neurons in spinal cord, paralysis may occur. | Droplet infection or via human faeces | Living attenuated virus given orally |
| Yellow fever | An arbovirus i.e arthropod-borne virus (RNA Virus) | Lining of blood vessels and liver | Vector- arthropods e.g ticks, mosquitoes | Living attenuated virus |
| AIDS | Retrovirus (RNA virus) | Skin Cancer | Sexual intercourse homo- and hetrosexuals | Not available |
| Ebola haemorrhagic fever | Ebola Virus disease (EVD) | Fatal Illness in Humans, Fever | It is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. | No licensed Ebola vaccine is available |
| Zika disease | Zika Virus (mosquito borne disease) | Causes mild illness in the people like dengue, yellow fever | Basically Infection in pregnant women is linked to abnormally small heads in their babies. | No vaccine available |
List of Bacterial Diseases of Humans:
| Name of disease | Caused by | Parts of body affected | Method of spread | Type of vaccination or antibodies |
| Diphtheria | Corynebacterium diphtheria | Upper respiratory tract, mainly throat also toxin affects heart. | Droplet infection | Toxoid |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Mainly lungs | Droplet infection, Drinking milk from infected cattle. | BCG living attenuated bacteria. Antibiotics e.g. streptomycin. |
| Whooping cough (Pertussis) | Bordetella pertussis | Upper respiratory tract, inducing violent coughing | Droplet infection | Killed bacteria |
| Gonorrhoea | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Reproductive organs: mainly mucous membranes of urinogenital tract. Newborn infants may acquire serious eye infections if they pass through infected birth canal. | Contagion by sexual contact | Antibiotics, e.g. penicillin, streptomycin |
| Syphilis | Treponema pallidum | Reproductive organs, then eyes, bones, joints, central nervous system, heart and skin. | Contagion by sexual contact | Antibiotics. e.g. penicillin |
| Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Blood. Toxin produced which affects motor nerves of spinal cord and hence muscles, causing lockjaw and spreading to the muscles. | Wound infection | Toxoid |
| Cholera | Vibrio cholera | Alimentary canal: mainly small intestine. | Faecal contamination (a) food – or water borne of material contaminated with faeces from infected person. (b) handling of contaminated Objects. (c) vector, e,g. flies moving from human faeces to food. | Killed bacteria: short-lived protection and not always effective Antibiotics e.g. tetracyclines, chloramphenicol. |
| Typhoid fever | Salmonella typhi | Alimentary canal, then spreading to lymph and blood, lungs, bone marrow, spleen. | Same as cholera | Killed bacteria (TAB vaccine) |
| Bacterial dysentery | Shigella dysenteriae | Alimentary canal, mainly ileum and colon | Same as cholera | No vaccine. |
| Bacterial food poisoning (gastro enteritis or salmonellosis) | Salmonella spp. | Alimentary canal | Mainly foodborne meat from infected animals from poultry and pigs. Also via faecal contamination as cholera | Antibiotic. e.g. tetracyclines. |
