Context:
Recently, researchers have discovered that the Y chromosome possesses genes linked to ageing and lifespan regulation.
Relevance:
GS III: Science
Dimensions of the Article:
- Key findings in recent research related to the Y chromosome
- About Chromosomes
Key findings in recent research related to the Y chromosome
- Essential Genes: Scientists have identified that the Y chromosome contains genes that play crucial roles in various biological functions. These genes are particularly associated with ageing and the regulation of lifespan.
- Neanderthal Genome: Analysis of the genome sequences of Neanderthals, an extinct human relative, has revealed indications of the replacement of the Y chromosome by modern humans. This suggests that genetic changes in the Y chromosome occurred during the evolution of modern humans.
- Future Role: The findings suggest that the Y chromosome may lose its status as the primary determinant of maleness in the future. This implies that other chromosomes may take on significant roles in determining male characteristics.
About Chromosomes:
- Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
- Composed of protein and a single molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
- Inherited from parents and passed on to offspring.
Function and Importance
- DNA within chromosomes contains specific instructions that make each living organism unique.
- Plays a crucial role in determining an individual’s traits, characteristics, and biological functions.
Human Chromosomes
- Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes.
- Sex chromosomes are designated as X and Y.
- All biological males have one X and one Y chromosome.
- All biological females have two X chromosomes.
Role of the Y Chromosome
- The Y chromosome, known as the “master of maleness,” determines biological male sex.
- Carries genes that play a role in sex determination.
- Traditionally considered the primary factor in determining maleness.
-Source: The Hindu
