Context:
Recently, health officials in Japan are on high alert after close to 1,000 cases of a deadly infection were reported across the country. The disease is known as Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS).
Relevance:
GS II: Health
Overview of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)
Definition:
- Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) is a rare but severe bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria.
- It occurs when these bacteria invade deep tissues and the bloodstream, releasing toxins that trigger a rapid and severe response in the body.
Symptoms:
- Initial symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, nausea, and vomiting.
- Within 24 to 48 hours, these symptoms can escalate to low blood pressure, organ failure, rapid heart rate, and fast breathing.
- In children, group A Streptococcus (GAS) typically causes strep throat, but in adults, it can lead to more severe symptoms like limb pain, swelling, fever, and low blood pressure.
- The condition can quickly progress to tissue death, breathing problems, organ failure, and sometimes death, particularly in individuals over 50.
Transmission:
- STSS is highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact.
- Group A strep bacteria can also spread via food if it is not handled properly.
Prevention:
- Preventing STSS involves practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing and covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing.
-Source: India Today
