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Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)

Context:

To spread education and awareness among the general public about the ‘Fragile X Syndrome’, every year ‘World Fragile X Awareness Day’ is observed on July 22 across the globe.

Relevance:

GS III: Science and Technology

Dimensions of the Article:

  1. About Fragile X Syndrome
  2. What are the causes?

Fragile X Syndrome:

  • Inherited genetic disease causing intellectual and developmental disabilities.
  • Also known as Martin-Bell syndrome.
  • Most common hereditary cause of mental disability in boys (1 in 4,000 boys) and less common in girls (1 in 8,000).
  • Boys typically have more severe symptoms than girls.
  • Results in a range of developmental and learning problems.
  • Chronic or lifelong condition, and only some individuals can live independently.
  • If inherited from the father, it affects only daughters; if from the mother, it can affect both genders.
Causes:
  • Caused by a defect in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome.
  • The mutation prevents proper production of the fragile X mental retardation 1 protein, which functions in the nervous system.

Treatment:

  • No cure, but treatment focuses on developing language and social skills for individuals with the condition.

-Source: The Hindu


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