Context:
A diesel fuel spill from a ship that sank recently spreads to the Greenland fjord.
Relevance:
GS I: Geography
Formation and Picturesque Nature of Fjords
Formation of Fjords: Fjords are steep, U-shaped valleys that have been submerged under seawater. Their formation involves a series of geological processes:
- Glacial Action: During ice ages, glaciers move down valleys, carving deep U-shaped troughs with their immense weight and abrasive action.
- Submersion: As glaciers retreat or melt, the valleys they’ve carved are invaded by the sea. The subsequent rise in sea level, or land subsidence, fills these valleys with seawater, creating fjords.
Picturesque Nature of Fjords:
- Dramatic Landscapes: Fjords are characterized by steep, towering cliffs that abruptly plunge into deep, serene waters. The contrast creates a visually stunning panorama.
- Water Reflections: The often-calm waters of fjords mirror the surrounding landscapes, doubling the scenic beauty.
- Biodiversity: The unique mix of freshwater from rivers and saltwater from oceans in fjords leads to rich marine life, enhancing their natural appeal.
- Varied Climate Impact: Fjords, especially in regions like Norway, can showcase snow-capped peaks while having temperate rainforests in the lower areas, providing a diverse array of scenic elements within a compact region.
- Seclusion: Many fjords are located in remote areas, ensuring unspoiled landscapes, clear waters, and a serene atmosphere, away from urban disturbances.
In essence, the combination of dramatic geological formations with the pristine beauty of nature makes fjords among the most picturesque landscapes in the world.
-Source: Indian Express
