Key Findings of the Study
- Increase in Extreme Rainfall Events:
- The southwest coast is experiencing a rise in extreme rainfall events at a rate of 0.23 mm per season.
- This suggests a long-term pattern of intensifying precipitation in the region.
Relevance : GS 3(Environment)
- Study Details:
- Conducted by CUSAT, EUMETSAT, and the UK Met Office.
- Published in the International Journal of Climatology.
- Primary Driver: Moisture Flux & Warming Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs)
- Increased extreme rainfall events are linked to changes in moisture flux, particularly its thermodynamic component.
- Southeast Arabian Sea SSTs have been rising, exceeding 28°C since 2014, which enhances moisture transport and rainfall.
Scientific Basis
- Moisture Flux & Monsoon Intensification:
- Moisture flux plays a crucial role in determining monsoon rainfall variability.
- Warming SSTs lead to higher evaporation rates, increasing atmospheric moisture.
- This intensified moisture transport contributes to more extreme rainfall over the west coast.
Implications of Extreme Rainfall Events
- Increased Flooding Risks:
- More frequent and intense rain spells raise the risk of flash floods and urban flooding in states like Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra.
- Higher flood incidents could impact agriculture, infrastructure, and livelihoods.
- Impact on Coastal Ecosystems & Marine Life:
- Rising SSTs may disrupt marine biodiversity, affecting fishing industries and coastal b.
- Increased coastal erosion due to heavy rainfall can damage mangroves and wetlands.
- Climate Change & Monsoon Variability:
- Persistent warming could alter monsoon patterns, making rainfall more erratic and unpredictable.
- This could lead to water management challenges for both agriculture and urban planning.
Policy & Adaptation Measures
- Early Warning & Disaster Preparedness:
- Strengthening flood forecasting systems and climate-resilient infrastructure.
- Sustainable Water Management:
- Implementing rainwater harvesting and enhancing groundwater recharge to mitigate water scarcity during dry periods.
- Coastal Protection Strategies:
- Promoting mangrove restoration and coastal afforestation to reduce the impact of extreme weather.
- Climate Mitigation Efforts:
- Reducing carbon emissions to limit further SST rise.
- Expanding research on regional climate models for better forecasting.
