Current Affairs Quiz 26 October 2022

INTERPOL Notices are international requests for cooperation or alerts allowing police in member countries to share critical crime-related information.
Interpol Notices
Red Notice: To seek the location/arrest of a person wanted by a judicial jurisdiction or an international tribunal with a view to his/her extradition.
Green Notice: To warn about a person’s criminal activities if that person is considered to be a possible threat to public safety.
Blue Notice: To locate, identify or obtain information on a person of interest in a criminal investigation.
Yellow Notice: To locate a missing person or to identify a person unable to identify himself/herself.
Black Notice: To seek information on unidentified bodies.
Orange Notice: To warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing an imminent threat and danger to persons or property.
Purple Notice: To provide information on modus operandi, procedures, objects, devices, or hiding places used by criminals.

CBI is governed by The Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946, and it must mandatorily obtain the consent of the state government concerned before beginning to investigate a crime in a state.
General Consent
• The consent of the state government to CBI can be either:
o Case-specific
o General
• General consent is normally given by states to help the CBI in the seamless investigation of cases of corruption against central government employees in their states.
• CBI may begin investigations taking consent as having been already given.
• In the absence of general consent, CBI would have to apply to the state government for its consent in every individual case, and before taking even small actions.
Withdrawal of consent
• Historical Practice:
o Traditionally, almost all states have given CBI general consent.
o However, since 2015, several states have begun to act differently.
• States who have withdrawn the Consent:
o In March, 2022, Meghalaya became the ninth state to have withdrawn consent to the CBI — after Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, and Mizoram.
• Government in the States:
o All these states except Mizoram and Meghalaya are ruled by the anti-BJP opposition.
• Maharashtra:
o Out of the above 9 states, Maharashtra has now reversed its decision and restored general consent.
o Maharashtra has restored consent after the BJP returned to power in the state in alliance with the Shinde faction of the Shiv Sena.
• Mizoram:
o The first state to withdraw consent was Mizoram in 2015. The state was ruled by the Congress at the time.
• Reason given for withdrawal:
o At the time of withdrawing consent, all states alleged that the central government was using the CBI to unfairly target the opposition.

About Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
• About:
o It is the premier investigating police agency in India.
o It is an elite force playing a major role in preservation of values in public life and in ensuring the health of the national economy.
o It is also the nodal police agency in India, which coordinates investigations on behalf of Interpol Member countries.
• Origin:
o It has its origin in the Special Police Establishment set up in 1941 to probe bribery and corruption during World War II.
o It was set up by a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1963 after Santhanam committee recommendation.
• Ministry:
o It functions under the Department of Personnel, Ministry of Personnel, Pension & Public Grievances, Government of India.

About Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
• Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976:
o Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were set up as government-sponsored, regional based rural lending institutions under the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.
o The RRBs were established as per the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee to cater to the rural credit needs of the farming and other rural communities.
o The Prathama Grameen Bank was the first bank to be established on 02nd October 1975. The Syndicate Bank became the first commercial bank to sponsor the Prathama Grameen Bank RRB
• Operation:
o Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are government owned scheduled commercial banks of India that operate at regional level in different states of India.
o The area of operation is limited to the area notified by the government of India covering, and it covers one or more districts in the State.
o Ownership
o The equity of the Regional Rural Banks is held by the stakeholders in a fixed proportion. This proportion is 50:35:15, distributed as:
 Central Government – 50%
 Sponsor Bank – 35%
 State Government – 15%

Great Indian Bustards:
• It is the State bird of Rajasthan and is considered India’s most critically endangered bird.
• It is considered the flagship grassland species, representing the health of the grassland ecology.
• Its population is confined mostly to Rajasthan and Gujarat. Small populations occur in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
• The bird is under constant threats due to collision/electrocution with power transmission lines, hunting (still prevalent in Pakistan), habitat loss and alteration as a result of widespread agricultural expansion, etc.
• Protection Status:
o International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List: Critically Endangered
o Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Appendix 1
o Convention on Migratory Species (CMS): Appendix I
o Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule 1
• Species Recovery Programme: It is kept under the species recovery programme under the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC).

About Doctrine of Res Judicata
• Res Judicata is a phrase which has evolved from a Latin maxim, which stands for ‘the thing has been judged’, meaning thereby that the issue before the court has already been decided by another court, between the same parties.
• The principle of res judicata applies when a litigant attempts to file a subsequent lawsuit on the same matter, after having received a judgment in a previous case involving the same parties.
• Res Judicata as a concept is applicable both in case of Civil as well as Criminal legal system.
• In order to set up a res judicata, you must establish that:
o The decision on which your res judicata is based, whether domestic or foreign, was judicial in the relevant sense
o It was in fact pronounced
o The tribunal had jurisdiction over the parties and the subject matter
o The decision was:
 Final
 On the merits
 It determined a question raised in the later litigation, and
 The parties are the same or their privies, or the earlier decision was in rem