Current Affairs Quiz 20 April 2022
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Current Affairs Quiz 20 April 2022 for UPSC Prelims
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- Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements about Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
1. It is an intergovernmental organization of 9 nations.
2. The stated mission of the organization is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets,
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?CorrectAnswer: B
About Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
• The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is an intergovernmental organization of 14 nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna, Austria.
• As of 2018, the 14 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and almost 82% of the world’s “proven” oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called “Seven Sisters” grouping of multinational oil companies.
• The stated mission of the organization is to “coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets, in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.IncorrectAnswer: B
About Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
• The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is an intergovernmental organization of 14 nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna, Austria.
• As of 2018, the 14 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and almost 82% of the world’s “proven” oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called “Seven Sisters” grouping of multinational oil companies.
• The stated mission of the organization is to “coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets, in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry. - Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Which of the following statements about Polio are correct?
1. Polio is a crippling and potentially fatal bacterial infectious disease.
2. India yet to receive polio-free certification by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2022.
Select the correct answer using the code below.CorrectAns;- d) None of the above
What is Polio?
• The World Health Organization (WHO) defines polio or poliomyelitis as “a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children.”
• The virus is transmitted by person-to-person, spread mainly through the faecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (e.g., contaminated water or food) and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system and can cause paralysis.
• Initial symptoms of polio include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs.
• In a small proportion of cases, the disease causes paralysis, which is often permanent.
• There is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented by immunization.
• There are three individual and immunologically distinct wild poliovirus strains:
1. Wild Poliovirus type 1 (WPV1)
2. Wild Poliovirus type 2 (WPV2)
3. Wild Poliovirus type 3 (WPV3)
• Symptomatically, all three strains are identical, in that they cause irreversible paralysis or even death.
• However, there are genetic and virological differences, which make these three strains separate viruses which must each be eradicated individuall
Polio in India
• India received polio-free certification by the WHO in 2014, after three years of zero cases.
• This achievement has been spurred by the successful pulse polio campaign in which all children were administered polio drops.
• The last case due to wild poliovirus in the country was detected on 13th January 2011.IncorrectAns;- d) None of the above
What is Polio?
• The World Health Organization (WHO) defines polio or poliomyelitis as “a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children.”
• The virus is transmitted by person-to-person, spread mainly through the faecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (e.g., contaminated water or food) and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system and can cause paralysis.
• Initial symptoms of polio include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs.
• In a small proportion of cases, the disease causes paralysis, which is often permanent.
• There is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented by immunization.
• There are three individual and immunologically distinct wild poliovirus strains:
1. Wild Poliovirus type 1 (WPV1)
2. Wild Poliovirus type 2 (WPV2)
3. Wild Poliovirus type 3 (WPV3)
• Symptomatically, all three strains are identical, in that they cause irreversible paralysis or even death.
• However, there are genetic and virological differences, which make these three strains separate viruses which must each be eradicated individuall
Polio in India
• India received polio-free certification by the WHO in 2014, after three years of zero cases.
• This achievement has been spurred by the successful pulse polio campaign in which all children were administered polio drops.
• The last case due to wild poliovirus in the country was detected on 13th January 2011. - Question 3 of 5
3. Question
The term ‘West Texas Intermediate’, sometimes found in news, refers to a grade of
CorrectAnswer: A
IncorrectAnswer: A
- Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Consider the following places with their locations;-
1.Mosul -Iraq
2.Aleppo -Syria
3.Raqqah -Lebanon
4.Kirkuk -Qatar
5.Najaf -PalestineWhich of the following is correctly matched?
CorrectAns;- a) 1&2only
Explanation;-
Raqqah is situated in Syria.
Kirkuk and Najaf are situated in Iraq.IncorrectAns;- a) 1&2only
Explanation;-
Raqqah is situated in Syria.
Kirkuk and Najaf are situated in Iraq. - Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Which of the following statements regaridng Pneumonia are correct?
1. The Pnuemonia are caused by Bacteria and Virus Only
2. The Pnuemonia mainly affects the brainCorrectAns;- d) None of the above
About Pneumonia Disease
• Pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death among children under five years of age worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 lakhs deaths globally.
• Pneumonia continues to be the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, with India accounting for 20% of those deaths and a higher burden of childhood pneumonia than any other country.
• The vaccine “Pneumosil” (Country’s First Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ) has been developed by the Serum Institute of India Private Limited (SIIPL) in collaboration with partners like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
• Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
• A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
• In the United States, common causes of viral pneumonia are influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).
• A common cause of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).IncorrectAns;- d) None of the above
About Pneumonia Disease
• Pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death among children under five years of age worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 lakhs deaths globally.
• Pneumonia continues to be the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, with India accounting for 20% of those deaths and a higher burden of childhood pneumonia than any other country.
• The vaccine “Pneumosil” (Country’s First Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ) has been developed by the Serum Institute of India Private Limited (SIIPL) in collaboration with partners like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
• Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
• A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
• In the United States, common causes of viral pneumonia are influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).
• A common cause of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
