Current Affairs Quiz 12 January 2023
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Current Affairs Quiz 12 January 2023 for UPSC Prelims
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- Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Which of the following are viral diseases
a. AIDS
b. Chikungunya
c. Ebola
d. Influenza
e. SARS
f. Small PoxSelect the correct answer
CorrectAns. 4
What is a Virus?
Viruses are non-cellular, microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside a host cell. From a biological perspective, viruses cannot be classified either as living organism nor non-living. This is due to the fact that they possess certain defining characteristic features of living organisms and non-living entities.
For instance, a virus cannot replicate itself outside the host cell. This is because viruses lack the required cellular machinery. Therefore, it enters and attaches itself to a specific host cell, injects its genetic material, reproduces by using the host genetic material and finally the host cell splits open, releasing the new viruses.
Classification based on the mode of transmission
1. Airborne infections – Transmission of the virus through the air into the respiratory tract. E.g, Swine flu, and Rhinovirus.
2. Faecal oral route – Transmission of the virus through the contaminated water or food.
E.g. Hepatitis A virus, Poliovirus, Rotavirus.
3. Sexually transmitted diseases – Transmission of the virus through sexual contacts with the infected person. E.g. Retrovirus, human papillomavirus, etc.
4. Transfusion-transmitted infections- Transmission of the virus through the blood transfusion.
E.g. Hepatitis B virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, etc.
5. Zoonoses -Transmission of the virus through the biting of infected animals, birds, and insects to human. E.g. Rabies virus, Alphavirus, Flavivirus, Ebola virus, etc.Based on their host, viruses can be classified into three types, namely, animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages. AIDS, Chikungunya, Ebola, Influenza, SARS, Small Pox are some examples of viral diseases.
IncorrectAns. 4
What is a Virus?
Viruses are non-cellular, microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside a host cell. From a biological perspective, viruses cannot be classified either as living organism nor non-living. This is due to the fact that they possess certain defining characteristic features of living organisms and non-living entities.
For instance, a virus cannot replicate itself outside the host cell. This is because viruses lack the required cellular machinery. Therefore, it enters and attaches itself to a specific host cell, injects its genetic material, reproduces by using the host genetic material and finally the host cell splits open, releasing the new viruses.
Classification based on the mode of transmission
1. Airborne infections – Transmission of the virus through the air into the respiratory tract. E.g, Swine flu, and Rhinovirus.
2. Faecal oral route – Transmission of the virus through the contaminated water or food.
E.g. Hepatitis A virus, Poliovirus, Rotavirus.
3. Sexually transmitted diseases – Transmission of the virus through sexual contacts with the infected person. E.g. Retrovirus, human papillomavirus, etc.
4. Transfusion-transmitted infections- Transmission of the virus through the blood transfusion.
E.g. Hepatitis B virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, etc.
5. Zoonoses -Transmission of the virus through the biting of infected animals, birds, and insects to human. E.g. Rabies virus, Alphavirus, Flavivirus, Ebola virus, etc.Based on their host, viruses can be classified into three types, namely, animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages. AIDS, Chikungunya, Ebola, Influenza, SARS, Small Pox are some examples of viral diseases.
- Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements with reference to Martand Sun Temple:
1. It was developed under the patronage of the Solanki rulers of Gujarat.
2. It was built during the same period as the Konark Sun Temple in Odisha.
3. It has features from Gandhara, Chinese and Gupta styles of architecture.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?CorrectAnswer: D
Martand Sun Temple is located in Anantnag, Kashmir and was built under the aegis of Karkota Dynasty ruler
Lalitaditya Muktapida.
Konark Sun Temple in Odisha was made by Narasimhadeva I, the Eastern Ganga king in the 13th century. It is in the shape of a “Rath” (Chariot) with a mandapa on a raised platform. Whereas the Martand Sun Temple’s construction took place during the 8th century. Thus, they were not constructed during the same time period. So, statement 2 is not correct.IncorrectAnswer: D
Martand Sun Temple is located in Anantnag, Kashmir and was built under the aegis of Karkota Dynasty ruler
Lalitaditya Muktapida.
Konark Sun Temple in Odisha was made by Narasimhadeva I, the Eastern Ganga king in the 13th century. It is in the shape of a “Rath” (Chariot) with a mandapa on a raised platform. Whereas the Martand Sun Temple’s construction took place during the 8th century. Thus, they were not constructed during the same time period. So, statement 2 is not correct. - Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Consider the following countries:
1. Denmark
2. Norway
3. Sweden
4. Croatia
5. Netherlands
Which of the above are known as the Nordic countries?CorrectAnswer: B
The Nordic Region in Europe consists of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland, as well as the Faroe Islands (an
archipelago of islands as an autonomous country within the kingdom of Denmark), Greenland, and Aland. So, points 1, 2 and 3 are correct.IncorrectAnswer: B
The Nordic Region in Europe consists of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland, as well as the Faroe Islands (an
archipelago of islands as an autonomous country within the kingdom of Denmark), Greenland, and Aland. So, points 1, 2 and 3 are correct. - Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Consider the following:
1. Wood
2. Wheat
3. Corn
4. Sugar beet
5. Cassava
Which of the above can be used to produce ethanol?CorrectAnswer: D
IncorrectAnswer: D
- Question 5 of 5
5. Question
With reference to the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011, consider the following statements:
1. It was enacted by amending the Constitution through a special majority of the Parliament and with the consent of
half of the State Legislatures by a simple majority.
2. The Supreme Court has struck down the entire Act as being violative of the federal structure of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?CorrectAnswer: D
• 97th Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted without the consent of half of the
State Legislature. So, statement 1 is not correct.• The Supreme Court in 2021 struck down certain provisions (not complete act) of the
Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011 in so far as it introduced clauses dealing
with the working of cooperative societies working within a state, saying the subject
matter fell in the state list and “belongs wholly and exclusively to the State legislatures
to legislate upon” and any change would require the ratification by at least one-half
of the State Legislatures as per Article 368(2) of the Constitution. So, statement 2 is
not correct.IncorrectAnswer: D
• 97th Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted without the consent of half of the
State Legislature. So, statement 1 is not correct.• The Supreme Court in 2021 struck down certain provisions (not complete act) of the
Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011 in so far as it introduced clauses dealing
with the working of cooperative societies working within a state, saying the subject
matter fell in the state list and “belongs wholly and exclusively to the State legislatures
to legislate upon” and any change would require the ratification by at least one-half
of the State Legislatures as per Article 368(2) of the Constitution. So, statement 2 is
not correct.
