Current Affairs Quiz 06 June 2023

Answer: B

About Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
• The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is an intergovernmental organization of 14 nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna, Austria.
• As of 2018, the 14 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and almost 82% of the world’s “proven” oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called “Seven Sisters” grouping of multinational oil companies.
• The stated mission of the organization is to “coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets, in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.

Answer:B
WTO principle of non-discrimination:
• India revised its FDI policy making it difficult for companies from countries sharing land border with India to invest in the country.
• Non-discrimination is a key concept in WTO law and policy. There are two main principles of non-discrimination in WTO law
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) treatment obligation and the national treatment obligation.
○ In simple terms, the MFN treatment obligation prohibits a country from discriminating between other countries.
○ The national treatment obligation prohibits a country from discriminating against other countries.
Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMs)
• The Agreement on TRIMs of the WTO is based on the belief that there is strong connection between trade and investment. Restrictive measures on investment are trade distorting. Several restrictive measures on investment are prohibiting trade and hence are not allowable.
• According to the TRIMs provision, countries should not adopt the investment measures which restrict and distort trade.
• TRIMs instruct that WTO members may not apply any measure that discriminates against foreign investment that violates basic WTO principles.
• WTO gives a list of prohibited investment measures or TRIMs like local content requirement, export obligation, technology transfer requirement etc. that violates trade.
• Few exemptions to developing countries are also provided under TRIMs.

Answer: A

Ans;- a) 1&2only

Explanation;-

Raqqah is situated in Syria.
Kirkuk and Najaf are situated in Iraq.

Ans;- d) None of the above

About Pneumonia Disease

• Pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death among children under five years of age worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 lakhs deaths globally.
• Pneumonia continues to be the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, with India accounting for 20% of those deaths and a higher burden of childhood pneumonia than any other country.
• The vaccine “Pneumosil” (Country’s First Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ) has been developed by the Serum Institute of India Private Limited (SIIPL) in collaboration with partners like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
• Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
• A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
• In the United States, common causes of viral pneumonia are influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).
• A common cause of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).