PIB Summaries 22 November 2025
Content India’s Labour Reforms: Simplification, Security, and Sustainable Growth Why is it in News? Relevance: Four Labour Codes Rationale Code on Wages, 2019 Core Aim: Universal and fair wage system across sectors. Key Provisions Benefits Concerns Industrial Relations Code, 2020 Core Aim: Balance flexibility for industry with worker protection. Key Provisions Benefits Concerns Code on […]
Mount Semeru Eruption
Why is it in News? Relevance What causes volcanic eruptions? Why are some eruptions explosive and others gentle? a) Low-viscosity magma (runny/thin) → Gentle eruptions b) High-viscosity magma (thick/sticky) → Explosive eruptions Why Semeru is so explosive? Indonesia’s Volcanic Vulnerability Overview A. Causes of volcanic eruptions B. Types of volcanic eruptions C. Hazard profile of […]
Indigenous Gene Editing Tool (Birsa-101)
Why Is It in News? Relevance GS-2 (Health, Governance) GS-3 (Science & Technology) GS-1 (Society) What Is Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)? Basics of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing What is CRISPR-Cas9? Indian Improvement What Is Birsa-101 Gene Therapy? Mechanism How it differs from Casgevy (US therapy) Feature Birsa-101 (India) Casgevy (US/UK) Strategy Corrects the original mutation Increases […]
Indian-born Cheetah Mukhi Gives Birth to Five Cubs
Why Is It in News? Relevance Project Cheetah Why Mukhi’s Birth Is Historically Significant A. First India-born cheetah to reproduce B. Proof of suitability of Indian habitats C. Wild reproduction despite early adversity Population Update Scientific and Conservation Significance A. Genetic viability B. Behavioural adaptation C. Indicator of ecological restoration Challenges still present Way Forward
Over 50% Cases Pending in Juvenile Justice Boards
Why Is It in News? Relevance What Are JJBs? Key Data (India Justice Report 2023) Pendency Vacancies & Institutional Weakness Weak Data Governance Inter-agency Coordination Failures Why the System is Failing ? Impact Way Forward
South Asia’s Air Pollution Crisis
Why Is It in News? Relevance GS-1: Geography & Society GS-2: Governance GS-3: Environment What Was the 2024 India–Pakistan Smog? How Has Air Pollution Become Rampant Across South Asia? A. Shared Meteorology B. High Anthropogenic Emissions C. Rapid Urbanisation + Weak Governance D. Climate Change Feedback Loop E. Political–Administrative Fragmentation What Does the Greenpeace 2023 […]
Election Data Analysis
Why Is It in News? Relevance GS-2: Governance GS-3: Science & Tech GS-3: Cybersecurity What Is Election Data Analysis? Pre-2017 “Dark Ages” – Manual & Slow A. Manual Data Scraping B. Mapping Challenges C. Charting 2017–2019: Transition to “Industrial Tools” Key Shifts Limitations 2019–2024: The Industrial Revolution Characteristics 2025 Bihar Assembly Election – The AI […]
Judiciary Cannot Tie President or Governor to Timelines
Why Is It in News? Relevance GS-2: Polity, Constitution, Governance GS-2: Executive–Legislature Relations GS-2: Constitutional Bodies Constitutional Provisions on Assent to Bills Articles Involved Principle of Constitutional Morality What Triggered the Presidential Reference? Supreme Court’s Key Findings A. Judiciary cannot prescribe hard timelines B. No “deemed consent” at expiry of timelines C. But constitutional heads cannot […]
Current Affairs Quiz 21 November 2025
Q1.Under Article 200, which of the following is NOT an option available to the Governor regarding a State Bill?a) Returning a Money Bill for reconsiderationb) Granting assentc) Withholding assentd) Reserving the Bill for the President Correct Answer: (a)Explanation:• A Money Bill cannot be returned by the Governor.• All other listed options—assent, withhold assent, reserve for […]
Current Affairs 21 November 2025
Content Judiciary Cannot Tie President or Governor to Timelines Why Is It in News? Relevance GS-2: Polity, Constitution, Governance GS-2: Executive–Legislature Relations GS-2: Constitutional Bodies Constitutional Provisions on Assent to Bills Articles Involved Principle of Constitutional Morality What Triggered the Presidential Reference? Supreme Court’s Key Findings A. Judiciary cannot prescribe hard timelines B. No […]