Technology Overview:
- Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha uses AI-powered TrailGuard cameras to combat poaching.
- These cameras capture images when movement is detected and analyze objects (animals, humans, vehicles) using an onboard chip.
- Images are transmitted to authorities within 40 seconds for swift response.
Relevance : GS 3(Environment , Technology)
Impact on Poaching:
- In 10 months, 96 poachers arrested and over 86 country-made guns seized.
- December 2024 saw over 40 poacher arrests.
- Proactive house raids based on photo identification have been highly effective.
Operational Features:
- Cameras operate in low-power mode, switching to high-power when detecting movement.
- AI performs edge inference, classifying objects in images and autonomously sending alerts to a control room.
- Alerts are shared with field staff through WhatsApp groups and VHF radios for rapid response.
TrailGuard Camera Design:
- Developed by Nightjar Technologies, the cameras are compact, with separate units for battery and communication.
- Battery life lasts 6 months to 1 year, reducing maintenance visits.
- Cameras cost ₹50,000-53,000 per unit.
Community and Wildlife Concerns:
- Surveillance is affecting local tribal communities who traditionally rely on forest resources.
- The forest department is working with villagers to find safer ways for them to access the forest without being mistaken for poachers.
Broader Applications:
- TrailGuard cameras are deployed in 14+ sites across 5 states, including Kanha and Dudhwa Tiger Reserves.
- Technology has potential for broader wildlife monitoring and anti-poaching efforts.
Future Outlook:
- Continued reduction in poaching is expected with an 80% decrease as per current trends.
- The success of AI-based surveillance is paving the way for its wider adoption in wildlife protection.
