About Sjögren’s Disease

Context:

Experts say that Sjogren’s disease in India is a silent epidemic, underdiagnosed and poorly understood.

Relevance:

GS II: Health

About Sjögren’s disease:

Sjögren’s disease is an autoimmune condition characterized by the immune system’s attack on the body’s moisture-producing glands. Here are some essential details about this disorder:

• Chronic and Autoimmune Nature: Sjögren’s disease is a chronic ailment where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, specifically the glands that produce moisture, such as tear and salivary glands.
• Demographics and Prevalence: It predominantly affects women, with a ratio of about 10 women for every man affected. The disease often manifests between the ages of 30 and 40 but can occur at any age, including childhood.
• Symptoms:
  • Primary Symptoms: Patients typically suffer from dry eyes and dry mouth.
    • Dry Eyes: Patients may experience a gritty sensation in their eyes, particularly upon waking or after prolonged exposure to screens.
    • Dry Mouth: This can lead to difficulties in swallowing and a higher risk of dental decay and gum disease.
  • Additional Symptoms: The disease can also cause joint pain, fatigue, and swelling of the salivary glands, among other systemic symptoms, making it a complex condition that affects multiple body systems.
• Treatment Options:
  • Managing Dryness: Treatment typically involves the use of salivary stimulants or substitutes to manage dry mouth, and artificial tears or gel-based lubricating drops for dry eyes.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments: Patients are advised to avoid triggers that may exacerbate symptoms, such as air conditioning and extended screen time. Wearing sunglasses that offer UV protection can also be beneficial.
  • Systemic Management: For more severe systemic manifestations, immunosuppressive medications may be necessary.
• Impact on Quality of Life: The persistent dryness associated with Sjögren’s can significantly affect the patient’s quality of life, making daily activities challenging and uncomfortable.

-Source: The Hindu