Static Quiz 29 April 2022
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Static Quiz 29 April 2022 for UPSC Prelims
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- Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Which of the folloiwng statements about Pyrolysis are correct?
1. Pyrolysis is a process of chemical decomposition of organic matter brought about by cold.
2. In this process, the organic material is heated in the absence of air until the molecules thermally break down to become a gas comprising smaller moleculesCorrectAns;- d) None of the above
Explanation;-
• Both the statements are incorrect because it is heated not cooled.
About Pyrolysis
• Pyrolysis is a process of chemical decomposition of organic matter brought about by heat. In this process, the organic material is heated in the absence of air until the molecules thermally break down to become a gas comprising smaller molecules (known collectively as syngas).
• Gasification can also take place as a result of partial combustion of organic matter in the presence of a restricted quantity of oxygen or air. The gas so produced is known as producer gas.
• The gases produced by pyrolysis mainly comprise carbon monoxide (25%), hydrogen and hydrocarbons (15%), and carbon dioxide and nitrogen (60%). The next step is to ‘clean’ the syngas or producer gas.
• Thereafter, the gas is burned in internal combustion (IC) engine generator sets or turbines to produce electricity.IncorrectAns;- d) None of the above
Explanation;-
• Both the statements are incorrect because it is heated not cooled.
About Pyrolysis
• Pyrolysis is a process of chemical decomposition of organic matter brought about by heat. In this process, the organic material is heated in the absence of air until the molecules thermally break down to become a gas comprising smaller molecules (known collectively as syngas).
• Gasification can also take place as a result of partial combustion of organic matter in the presence of a restricted quantity of oxygen or air. The gas so produced is known as producer gas.
• The gases produced by pyrolysis mainly comprise carbon monoxide (25%), hydrogen and hydrocarbons (15%), and carbon dioxide and nitrogen (60%). The next step is to ‘clean’ the syngas or producer gas.
• Thereafter, the gas is burned in internal combustion (IC) engine generator sets or turbines to produce electricity. - Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Which of the following statements about Co-generation are correct?
1. Co-generation is producing two forms of energy from one fuel.
2. One of the forms of energy must always be heat and the other may be electricity or mechanical energy. In a conventional power plant, fuel is burnt in a boiler to generate high-pressure steam.CorrectAns;- c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation;-
About COGENERATION
• Co-generation is producing two forms of energy from one fuel. One of the forms of energy must always be heat and the other may be electricity or mechanical energy.
• In a conventional power plant, fuel is burnt in a boiler to generate high-pressure steam.
• This steam is used to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an alternator through a steam turbine to produce electric power.
• The exhaust steam is generally condensed to water which goes back to the boiler.
• As the low-pressure steam has a large quantum of heat which is lost in the process of condensing, the efficiency of conventional power plants is only around 35%.
• In a cogeneration plant, the low-pressure exhaust steam coming out of the turbine is not condensed, but used for heating purposes in factories or houses and thus very high efficiency levels, in the range of 75%–90%, can be reached. Since co-generation can meet both power and heat needs, it has other advantages as well in the form of significant cost savings for the plant and reduction in emissions of pollutants due to reduced fuel consumption.
• Even at conservative estimates, the potential of power generation from co-generation in India is more than 20,000 MW. Since India is the largest producer of sugar in the world, bagasse-based cogeneration is being promoted.
• The potential for cogeneration thus lies in facilities with joint requirement of heat and electricity, primarily sugar and rice mills, distilleries, petrochemical sector and industries such as fertilizers, steel, chemical, cement, pulp and paper, and aluminium.IncorrectAns;- c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation;-
About COGENERATION
• Co-generation is producing two forms of energy from one fuel. One of the forms of energy must always be heat and the other may be electricity or mechanical energy.
• In a conventional power plant, fuel is burnt in a boiler to generate high-pressure steam.
• This steam is used to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an alternator through a steam turbine to produce electric power.
• The exhaust steam is generally condensed to water which goes back to the boiler.
• As the low-pressure steam has a large quantum of heat which is lost in the process of condensing, the efficiency of conventional power plants is only around 35%.
• In a cogeneration plant, the low-pressure exhaust steam coming out of the turbine is not condensed, but used for heating purposes in factories or houses and thus very high efficiency levels, in the range of 75%–90%, can be reached. Since co-generation can meet both power and heat needs, it has other advantages as well in the form of significant cost savings for the plant and reduction in emissions of pollutants due to reduced fuel consumption.
• Even at conservative estimates, the potential of power generation from co-generation in India is more than 20,000 MW. Since India is the largest producer of sugar in the world, bagasse-based cogeneration is being promoted.
• The potential for cogeneration thus lies in facilities with joint requirement of heat and electricity, primarily sugar and rice mills, distilleries, petrochemical sector and industries such as fertilizers, steel, chemical, cement, pulp and paper, and aluminium. - Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Which of the folloiwng statements are correct about Fuel cells?
1. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly and very efficiently into electricity (AC) and heat.
2. The most suitable fuel for such cells is hydrogen or a mixture of compounds containing hydrogen.CorrectAns;- b) Only 2
Explanation;-
• The 1st statement is incorrect because it is DC not AC.
About Fuel Cells
• Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly and very efficiently into electricity (DC) and heat, thus doing away with combustion.
• The most suitable fuel for such cells is hydrogen or a mixture of compounds containing hydrogen.
• A fuel cell consists of an electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes.
• Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, and they react electrochemically to generate electricity, water, and heat.
IncorrectAns;- b) Only 2
Explanation;-
• The 1st statement is incorrect because it is DC not AC.
About Fuel Cells
• Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly and very efficiently into electricity (DC) and heat, thus doing away with combustion.
• The most suitable fuel for such cells is hydrogen or a mixture of compounds containing hydrogen.
• A fuel cell consists of an electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes.
• Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, and they react electrochemically to generate electricity, water, and heat. - Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Which of the following are the major sites for geothermal energy in India?
1. Tattapani spring = Jharkhand
2. Sohana = Haryana
3. Mahanadi = orissaCorrectAns;- b) Only 2 and 3
Explanation;-
• The 1st is incorrect because it is in Chhatisgarh
About Geothermal Energy in India
• In India, exploration and study of geothermal fields started in 1970. The GSI (Geological Survey of India) has identified 350 geothermal energy locations in the country. The most promising of these is in Puga valley of Ladakh. The estimated potential for geothermal energy in India is about 10000 MW.
• The major sites for geothermal energy are:
• Himalayas: J&K, HP and Sikkim; PUGA hot spring in J&K and Manikaran in HP.
• Sohana: Haryana, Rajasthan.
• Son-Narmada-Tapi (SONATA): MP, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand; Tattapani spring in Chhattisgarh.
• Cambay: Mainly Gujarat and some parts of Rajasthan
• Godavari: AP
• Mahanadi: Orissa, Taptapani Spring in Orissa.About Government Initiatives
• First Geothermal power plant to come in Chhattisgarh by joint cooperation of NTPC and Chhattisgarh Renewable Energy Development Agency (CREDA). Tattapani geothermal field in SONATA geothermal province.
• For Industrial Projects, government has planned to provide capital subsidy of up to 30%.
• Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) provides large incentives and subsidies for Research, Design, Development and Demonstration (RDD&D) for harnessing geothermal energy in India.
• Ministry of renewable energy has planned to generate geothermal energy up to 1000 MW by 2022.
• As per Geological Survey of India (GSI), 10000 MW geothermal potential has been identified in India.IncorrectAns;- b) Only 2 and 3
Explanation;-
• The 1st is incorrect because it is in Chhatisgarh
About Geothermal Energy in India
• In India, exploration and study of geothermal fields started in 1970. The GSI (Geological Survey of India) has identified 350 geothermal energy locations in the country. The most promising of these is in Puga valley of Ladakh. The estimated potential for geothermal energy in India is about 10000 MW.
• The major sites for geothermal energy are:
• Himalayas: J&K, HP and Sikkim; PUGA hot spring in J&K and Manikaran in HP.
• Sohana: Haryana, Rajasthan.
• Son-Narmada-Tapi (SONATA): MP, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand; Tattapani spring in Chhattisgarh.
• Cambay: Mainly Gujarat and some parts of Rajasthan
• Godavari: AP
• Mahanadi: Orissa, Taptapani Spring in Orissa.About Government Initiatives
• First Geothermal power plant to come in Chhattisgarh by joint cooperation of NTPC and Chhattisgarh Renewable Energy Development Agency (CREDA). Tattapani geothermal field in SONATA geothermal province.
• For Industrial Projects, government has planned to provide capital subsidy of up to 30%.
• Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) provides large incentives and subsidies for Research, Design, Development and Demonstration (RDD&D) for harnessing geothermal energy in India.
• Ministry of renewable energy has planned to generate geothermal energy up to 1000 MW by 2022.
• As per Geological Survey of India (GSI), 10000 MW geothermal potential has been identified in India. - Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Which of the following about Incineration are correct?
1. In this process, waste is directly burned in the presence of excess air (oxygen) at high temperatures
2. Combustion results in transfer of 65–80% of heat content of the organic matter to hot air, steam and hot water.CorrectAns;- c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation;-
About Combustion/Incineration
• In this process, waste is directly burned in the presence of excess air (oxygen) at high temperatures (about 800°C), liberating heat energy, inert gases and ash.
• Combustion results in transfer of 65–80% of heat content of the organic matter to hot air, steam and hot water. The steam generated, in turn, can be used in steam turbines to generate power.IncorrectAns;- c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation;-
About Combustion/Incineration
• In this process, waste is directly burned in the presence of excess air (oxygen) at high temperatures (about 800°C), liberating heat energy, inert gases and ash.
• Combustion results in transfer of 65–80% of heat content of the organic matter to hot air, steam and hot water. The steam generated, in turn, can be used in steam turbines to generate power.
