October 25th Static Quiz on Polity Historical Background Part 2
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October 25th Static Quiz on Polity Historical Background Part 2
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- Question 1 of 10
1. Question
The distribution of powers between the Centre and the States in the Indian Constitution is based on the scheme provided in the (2012 UPSC Pyq)
CorrectAns;- c) Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation;-The Government of India (GoI) Act of 1935 provided for a three-fold enumeration, viz., federal, provincial and concurrent.
The present Constitution follows the scheme of this act for the distribution of powers between the Centre and States but with one difference, that is, under this act, the residuary powers were given neither to the federal legislature nor to the provincial legislature but to the governor-general of India. In this respect, India follows the Canadian precedent.
IncorrectAns;- c) Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation;-The Government of India (GoI) Act of 1935 provided for a three-fold enumeration, viz., federal, provincial and concurrent.
The present Constitution follows the scheme of this act for the distribution of powers between the Centre and States but with one difference, that is, under this act, the residuary powers were given neither to the federal legislature nor to the provincial legislature but to the governor-general of India. In this respect, India follows the Canadian precedent.
- Question 2 of 10
2. Question
The Government of India Act of 1919 clearly defined (2015 UPSC Pyq)
CorrectAns;- b) the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments
Explanation;-
The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms which became the Government of India Act in 1919 clearly defined the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments.
IncorrectAns;- b) the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments
Explanation;-
The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms which became the Government of India Act in 1919 clearly defined the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments.
- Question 3 of 10
3. Question
The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to (UPSC 2016 Pyq)
CorrectAns;- d) constitutional reforms
Explanation;-
The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to constitutional reforms.The important features of these constitutional reforms were:-
The Central Legislative Council was now to consist of two houses- The Imperial Legislative and the Council of States.
The provinces were to follow the Dual Government System or Dyarchy.
IncorrectAns;- d) constitutional reforms
Explanation;-
The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to constitutional reforms.The important features of these constitutional reforms were:-
The Central Legislative Council was now to consist of two houses- The Imperial Legislative and the Council of States.
The provinces were to follow the Dual Government System or Dyarchy.
- Question 4 of 10
4. Question
Consider the following statements about Government of India Act 1935 and select not true statement
1. Princely states were also part of the proposed federation
2. Most items fall into the Provincial list
3. Residuary powers were under the control of Viceroy
Select the right answer using codes belowCorrectAns;- b) Only 2
Explanation;-
As question asked to choose not correct statement i.e. 2nd , 1 and 3 are correct statement.
Government of India Act of 1935 was lengthy and detailed document having 321 Sections and 10 Schedules.It provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation consisting of provinces and princely states as units. Hence statement 1 is correct.
The Act divided the powers between the Centre and units in terms of three lists—Federal List (for Centre, with 59 items), Provincial List(for provinces, with 54items) and the Concurrent List (for both, with 36 items). Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
Residuary powers were given to the Viceroy. Hence statement 3 is correct.
However, the federation never came into being as the princely states did not join it.
IncorrectAns;- b) Only 2
Explanation;-
As question asked to choose not correct statement i.e. 2nd , 1 and 3 are correct statement.
Government of India Act of 1935 was lengthy and detailed document having 321 Sections and 10 Schedules.It provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation consisting of provinces and princely states as units. Hence statement 1 is correct.
The Act divided the powers between the Centre and units in terms of three lists—Federal List (for Centre, with 59 items), Provincial List(for provinces, with 54items) and the Concurrent List (for both, with 36 items). Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
Residuary powers were given to the Viceroy. Hence statement 3 is correct.
However, the federation never came into being as the princely states did not join it.
- Question 5 of 10
5. Question
Which of the following statements is/are not true about the Montague Chelmsford Reforms
1. It was declared for the first time that gradual introduction of responsible government is the objective2. Central and provincial subjects were separated
3. Both bicameralism and direct elections were introduced for the first time
Select the right answer using codes belowCorrectAns;- d) None of the above
Explanation;-
As question asked to choose not correct but all statements are correct.
British Government declared, for the first time, that its objective was the gradual introduction of responsible government in India. The Government of India Act of 1919 was thus enacted, which came into force in 1921. This Act is also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Montagu was the Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India). Hence statement 1 is correct.
It relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects. The central and provincial legislatures were authorised to make laws on their respective list of subjects. However, the structure of government continued to be centralized and unitary. Hence statement 2 is correct.
It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country. Thus, the Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly). The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election. Hence statement 3 is correct.
IncorrectAns;- d) None of the above
Explanation;-
As question asked to choose not correct but all statements are correct.
British Government declared, for the first time, that its objective was the gradual introduction of responsible government in India. The Government of India Act of 1919 was thus enacted, which came into force in 1921. This Act is also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Montagu was the Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India). Hence statement 1 is correct.
It relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects. The central and provincial legislatures were authorised to make laws on their respective list of subjects. However, the structure of government continued to be centralized and unitary. Hence statement 2 is correct.
It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country. Thus, the Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly). The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- Question 6 of 10
6. Question
Consider the following statements about the Morley Minto reforms
1. Provincial legislative councils came to have official majority
2. The discussion on budget including supplementary questions was allowed for the first time
3. Muslims were given separate electorate
Which of the statements above is/are not correct?CorrectAns;- a) Only 1
Explanation;-
As question asked to choose not correct, Statement 1 is not correct , Statement 2 and 3 are correct
Act of 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reforms (Lord Morley was the then Secretary of State for India and Lord Minto was the then Viceroy of India).
It considerably increased the size of the legislative councils, both Central and provincial. The number of members in the Central Legislative Council was raised from 16 to 60. The number of members in the provincial legislative councils was not uniform.It retained official majority in the Central Legislative Council but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have non-official majority. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
It enlarged the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both the levels. For example, members were allowed to ask supplementary questions, move resolutions on the budget, and so on. Hence statement 2 is correct.
It provided (for the first time) for the association of Indians with the executive Councils of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join the Viceroy’s Executive Council. He was appointed as the law member.
It introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of ‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Thus, the Act ‘legalized communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate. Hence statement 3 is correct.
It also provided for the separate representation of presidency corporations, chambers of commerce, universities and zamindars.
IncorrectAns;- a) Only 1
Explanation;-
As question asked to choose not correct, Statement 1 is not correct , Statement 2 and 3 are correct
Act of 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reforms (Lord Morley was the then Secretary of State for India and Lord Minto was the then Viceroy of India).
It considerably increased the size of the legislative councils, both Central and provincial. The number of members in the Central Legislative Council was raised from 16 to 60. The number of members in the provincial legislative councils was not uniform.It retained official majority in the Central Legislative Council but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have non-official majority. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
It enlarged the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both the levels. For example, members were allowed to ask supplementary questions, move resolutions on the budget, and so on. Hence statement 2 is correct.
It provided (for the first time) for the association of Indians with the executive Councils of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join the Viceroy’s Executive Council. He was appointed as the law member.
It introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of ‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Thus, the Act ‘legalized communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate. Hence statement 3 is correct.
It also provided for the separate representation of presidency corporations, chambers of commerce, universities and zamindars.
- Question 7 of 10
7. Question
What were the salient features of Government of India Act 1935 are not correct?
1) Federation and provincial autonomy
2) Dyarchy at the province
3) Abolition of dyarchy in the stateCorrectAns;- b) Only 2
Explanation;-
As Question is asked not correct to choose, Statement 1 and 3 are correct, Statement 2 is not correct because at the centre i.e establishment of dyarchy
The Act was 2nd milestone towards a completely responsible government in India. It was a lengthy and detailed. It has 321 Sections and 10 Schedules.
The features of the Act were ;-
It provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation consisting of provinces and princely states as units.
The Act divided the powers between the Centre and Units by three lists—Federal List (for Centre, with 59 items), Provincial List (for provinces, with 54 items) and the Concurrent List (for both, with 36 items).
Residuary powers were given to the Viceroy.
But the federation never came into being as the princely states didn’t join it.
It introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ instead of dyarchy in the provinces.
The provinces were now autonomous units of administration in their own fixed spheres.
It introduced responsible governments in provinces, i.e. the governor was required to act with the advice of ministers responsible to the provincial legislature.
This came into effect in 1937 and was discontinued in 1939.
It provided for dyarchy at the Centre.
Thus, the federal subjects were divided into reserved subjects and transferred subjects. But, this provision did not come into operation at all.
It introduced bicameralism in six out of eleven provinces – Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Bihar, Assam and the United Provinces.
There was a legislative council (upper house) and a legislative assembly (lower house). However, many restrictions were placed on them.
It also provided separate electorates for depressed classes (scheduled castes), women and labor (workers).
It abolished the Council of India, established by the Government of India Act of 1858. The secretary of state for India was provided with a team of advisors.
It extended franchise. About 10 per cent of the total population got the voting right.
It provided for the establishment of a Reserve Bank of India to control the currency and credit of the country.
It provided for the establishment of a Federal Public Service Commission, Provincial Public Service Commission and Joint Public Service Commission for two or more provinces.
It provided for the establishment of a Federal Court, which was set up in 1937.
IncorrectAns;- b) Only 2
Explanation;-
As Question is asked not correct to choose, Statement 1 and 3 are correct, Statement 2 is not correct because at the centre i.e establishment of dyarchy
The Act was 2nd milestone towards a completely responsible government in India. It was a lengthy and detailed. It has 321 Sections and 10 Schedules.
The features of the Act were ;-
It provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation consisting of provinces and princely states as units.
The Act divided the powers between the Centre and Units by three lists—Federal List (for Centre, with 59 items), Provincial List (for provinces, with 54 items) and the Concurrent List (for both, with 36 items).
Residuary powers were given to the Viceroy.
But the federation never came into being as the princely states didn’t join it.
It introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ instead of dyarchy in the provinces.
The provinces were now autonomous units of administration in their own fixed spheres.
It introduced responsible governments in provinces, i.e. the governor was required to act with the advice of ministers responsible to the provincial legislature.
This came into effect in 1937 and was discontinued in 1939.
It provided for dyarchy at the Centre.
Thus, the federal subjects were divided into reserved subjects and transferred subjects. But, this provision did not come into operation at all.
It introduced bicameralism in six out of eleven provinces – Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Bihar, Assam and the United Provinces.
There was a legislative council (upper house) and a legislative assembly (lower house). However, many restrictions were placed on them.
It also provided separate electorates for depressed classes (scheduled castes), women and labor (workers).
It abolished the Council of India, established by the Government of India Act of 1858. The secretary of state for India was provided with a team of advisors.
It extended franchise. About 10 per cent of the total population got the voting right.
It provided for the establishment of a Reserve Bank of India to control the currency and credit of the country.
It provided for the establishment of a Federal Public Service Commission, Provincial Public Service Commission and Joint Public Service Commission for two or more provinces.
It provided for the establishment of a Federal Court, which was set up in 1937.
- Question 8 of 10
8. Question
Which of the following is/are not true regarding the Morley Minto Reforms?
1) Satyendra Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
2) The reforms introduced separate electorates.CorrectAns;- d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation;-
Act of 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reforms (Lord Morley was the then Secretary of State for India and Lord Minto was the then Viceroy of India).
It considerably increased the size of the legislative councils, both Central and provincial. The number of members in the Central Legislative Council was raised from 16 to 60. The number of members in the provincial legislative councils was not uniform.It retained official majority in the Central Legislative Council but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have non-official majority.
It enlarged the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both the levels. For example, members were allowed to ask supplementary questions, move resolutions on the budget, and so on.
It provided (for the first time) for the association of Indians with the executive Councils of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join the Viceroy’s Executive Council. He was appointed as the law member.
It introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of ‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Thus, the Act ‘legalized communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate.
It also provided for the separate representation of presidency corporations, chambers of commerce, universities and zamindars.
IncorrectAns;- d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation;-
Act of 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reforms (Lord Morley was the then Secretary of State for India and Lord Minto was the then Viceroy of India).
It considerably increased the size of the legislative councils, both Central and provincial. The number of members in the Central Legislative Council was raised from 16 to 60. The number of members in the provincial legislative councils was not uniform.It retained official majority in the Central Legislative Council but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have non-official majority.
It enlarged the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both the levels. For example, members were allowed to ask supplementary questions, move resolutions on the budget, and so on.
It provided (for the first time) for the association of Indians with the executive Councils of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join the Viceroy’s Executive Council. He was appointed as the law member.
It introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of ‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Thus, the Act ‘legalized communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate.
It also provided for the separate representation of presidency corporations, chambers of commerce, universities and zamindars.
- Question 9 of 10
9. Question
Which of the following is/are not true regarding the Government of India Act, 1919?
1) It abolished dyarchy introduced by 1909 Morley Minto reforms.
2) It introduced direct elections in the country.CorrectExplanation;-
As question asked to choose not correct statement i.e statement 1, 2nd statement is correct
Dyarchy, also spelled diarchy, system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. It marked the first introduction of the democratic principle into the executive branch of the British administration of India.
On August 20, 1917, for the first time, the British Government declared, that its objective was the gradual introduction of responsible government in India.
The Government of India Act of 1919 was thus enacted, which came into force in 1921.
It is also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms as Montagu was Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was Viceroy of India.
Features of the Act are –
It separated the central and provincial subjects thus relaxing central’s hold over provinces.
The central and provincial legislatures could make laws on subjects on their respective list of subjects.
But, the structure of government continued to be centralized and unitary.
Provincial subjects had two parts – transferred and reserved.
The transferred subjects were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the legislative Council.
The reserved subjects were to bead ministered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the legislative Council.
This was known as ‘dyarchy’ – term derived from the Greek word di-arche which means double rule. However, this experiment failed.
It introduced bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature having an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly).
The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election.
It required that the 3 out of 6 members of the Viceroy’s executive Council (other than the commander-in-chief) were to be Indian.
It provided separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans as per the principle of communal representation.
It granted franchise to a limited number of people based on property, tax or education.
It created a new office of the High Commissioner for India in London and transferred to him some of the functions till now performed by the Secretary of State for India.It provided for the establishment of a Public Service Commission. Hence, as per the Lee Commission on Superior Civil Services in India (1923-24) a Central Public Service Commission was set up in 1926 for recruiting civil servants.
It separated provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.
It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force.
IncorrectExplanation;-
As question asked to choose not correct statement i.e statement 1, 2nd statement is correct
Dyarchy, also spelled diarchy, system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. It marked the first introduction of the democratic principle into the executive branch of the British administration of India.
On August 20, 1917, for the first time, the British Government declared, that its objective was the gradual introduction of responsible government in India.
The Government of India Act of 1919 was thus enacted, which came into force in 1921.
It is also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms as Montagu was Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was Viceroy of India.
Features of the Act are –
It separated the central and provincial subjects thus relaxing central’s hold over provinces.
The central and provincial legislatures could make laws on subjects on their respective list of subjects.
But, the structure of government continued to be centralized and unitary.
Provincial subjects had two parts – transferred and reserved.
The transferred subjects were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the legislative Council.
The reserved subjects were to bead ministered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the legislative Council.
This was known as ‘dyarchy’ – term derived from the Greek word di-arche which means double rule. However, this experiment failed.
It introduced bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature having an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly).
The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election.
It required that the 3 out of 6 members of the Viceroy’s executive Council (other than the commander-in-chief) were to be Indian.
It provided separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans as per the principle of communal representation.
It granted franchise to a limited number of people based on property, tax or education.
It created a new office of the High Commissioner for India in London and transferred to him some of the functions till now performed by the Secretary of State for India.It provided for the establishment of a Public Service Commission. Hence, as per the Lee Commission on Superior Civil Services in India (1923-24) a Central Public Service Commission was set up in 1926 for recruiting civil servants.
It separated provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.
It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force.
- Question 10 of 10
10. Question
India Council’s Act of 1861 provided for
1) Decentralization tendency
2) Legislative Council for Punjab
3) Rejected the Portfolio system
4) Started associating Indians with the law-making processCorrectAns;- b) 1 , 2 and 4
Explanation;-
After the revolt of 1857, the British Government felt the necessity of seeking the co-operation of the Indians in the administration of India.
For this, three acts were enacted by the British Parliament in 1861, 1892 and 1909.
System of Budget in British India was introduced in 1860.
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 is a significant landmark in the constitutional and political history of India.Features of the Act of 1861 were;-
It started associating Indians with the law-making process, thus making a beginning of representative institutions. It provided that the viceroy should nominate some Indians as non-official members of his expanded council.
In 1862, Lord Canning, the then viceroy, nominated three Indians to his legislative council—the Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao.
It restored the legislative powers to the Bombay and Madras Presidencies thus initiating the process of decentralization opposed to the centralizing tendency that started from the Regulating Act of 1773 and reaching its peak under the Charter Act of 1833.
This devolution resulted in the grant of almost complete internal autonomy to the provinces in 1937.
It also provided for the establishment of new legislative councils for Bengal, North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab, which were established in 1862, 1866 and 1897, respectively.
Viceroy could make rules and orders for the more convenient transaction of business in the council.
It recognized the ‘portfolio’ system, introduced by Lord Canning in 1859.
Under this, a member of the Viceroy’s council was made in-charge of one or more departments of the government and was authorized to issue final orders on behalf of the council on matters of his department(s).
Viceroy could now issue ordinances, which were valid for 6 months, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency.
IncorrectAns;- b) 1 , 2 and 4
Explanation;-
After the revolt of 1857, the British Government felt the necessity of seeking the co-operation of the Indians in the administration of India.
For this, three acts were enacted by the British Parliament in 1861, 1892 and 1909.
System of Budget in British India was introduced in 1860.
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 is a significant landmark in the constitutional and political history of India.Features of the Act of 1861 were;-
It started associating Indians with the law-making process, thus making a beginning of representative institutions. It provided that the viceroy should nominate some Indians as non-official members of his expanded council.
In 1862, Lord Canning, the then viceroy, nominated three Indians to his legislative council—the Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao.
It restored the legislative powers to the Bombay and Madras Presidencies thus initiating the process of decentralization opposed to the centralizing tendency that started from the Regulating Act of 1773 and reaching its peak under the Charter Act of 1833.
This devolution resulted in the grant of almost complete internal autonomy to the provinces in 1937.
It also provided for the establishment of new legislative councils for Bengal, North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab, which were established in 1862, 1866 and 1897, respectively.
Viceroy could make rules and orders for the more convenient transaction of business in the council.
It recognized the ‘portfolio’ system, introduced by Lord Canning in 1859.
Under this, a member of the Viceroy’s council was made in-charge of one or more departments of the government and was authorized to issue final orders on behalf of the council on matters of his department(s).
Viceroy could now issue ordinances, which were valid for 6 months, without the concurrence of the legislative council, during an emergency.
