Background & Context:
- Cheetah Reintroduction: Project Cheetah aims to reintroduce cheetahs to India, after their extinction in 1952.
- Kuno National Park (KNP): First site of reintroduction in 2022, now hosting 26 cheetahs.
- Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary (MP): Identified as the second site, with 6–8 cheetahs from South Africa expected before summer 2025.
Relevance : GS 3(Environment and Ecology)
Preparations at Gandhi Sagar
- Quarantine Bomas (QBs):
- Each enclosure designed with mud mounds, bamboo roofs, water saucers, and electric fencing to mimic natural habitat.
- Dual-entry gates with remote operation for staff safety.
- Surveillance with 360-degree cameras and fiber-wrapped trees to prevent escape.
- Health Monitoring:
- Cheetahs to be quarantined for a minimum of one month before release into a 64 sq km larger enclosure.
- Health risks from new diseases under constant observation.
Historical & Geographical Significance
- Savanna-like Habitat:
- Rocky terrain, shallow soil, and exposed sheet rock create an environment similar to cheetahs’ native African habitat.
- Prehistoric Connection:
- Rock art at Chaturbhuj Nala (protected by ASI) believed to depict cheetahs, supporting the idea of historical presence.
Local Displacement & Concerns
- Village Relocation:
- Karanpura village (280 families) relocated since it fell within the 64 sq km sanctuary.
- Process faced resistance; compensation issues persist.
- Livelihood Impact:
- Nearby villages (Gurjar, Banjara, Bhil communities) rely on dairy farming, but face water scarcity as fencing blocks Chambal river access.
- Milk production has halved in some areas due to poor grazing land and water availability.
Key Challenges & Future Implications
- Human-Wildlife Conflict: Displacement of locals vs. long-term conservation goals.
- Ecological Balance: Ensuring sufficient prey population for cheetahs without impacting local biodiversity.
- Sustainable Development: Need for mitigation strategies to address local grievances and improve resource access.
