Context:
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council (BRIC) introduces the ‘One Day One Genome’ initiative to showcase the enormous microbial potential of India.
Relevance:
GS III: Science and Technology
Overview of the “One Day One Genome” Initiative
Introduction
The “One Day One Genome” initiative is a groundbreaking project coordinated by the Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (BRIC-NIBMG), an institute under the Department of Biotechnology. This initiative focuses on the genomic study of unique bacterial species found in India, highlighting their importance in various sectors including the environment, agriculture, and human health.
Objectives and Features
- Genome Release: The primary aim is to release a fully annotated bacteriological genome isolated within the country each day, making this information freely available to the public.
- Information Accessibility: Alongside the genomic data, the initiative will provide a detailed graphical summary, infographics, and comprehensive details on genome assembly and annotation.
- Scientific and Industrial Applications: The provided documents and data will offer insights into the scientific and industrial uses of these microbes, enhancing understanding and potential applications.
Benefits and Impact
- Public and Scientific Engagement: By making microbial genomic data more accessible, the initiative aims to stimulate public and scientific discussion, fostering a broader understanding of microbiology.
- Innovation and Community Benefits: The initiative is designed to drive innovations that benefit the community and ecosystem by leveraging the genetic information of microbes.
- Educational Tool: The initiative will serve as a valuable educational resource for students, researchers, and professionals in genomics and microbiology.
Role of Microorganisms in Ecosystems and Human Health
Environmental and Agricultural Impact
- Biogeochemical Cycles: Microorganisms play crucial roles in all biogeochemical cycles, essential for maintaining ecological balance.
- Soil Health and Fertility: They contribute to soil formation, mineral purification, and maintain soil fertility through processes like nitrogen fixation and nutrient cycling.
- Waste Degradation and Methane Production: Microbes are involved in the degradation of organic wastes and toxic pollutants, and they also produce methane, a significant greenhouse gas.
Health and Disease
- Human Health: Microorganisms outnumber human cells in the body and are vital for digestion, immunity, and even mental health.
- Disease and Defense: While pathogenic microorganisms are responsible for infectious diseases, non-pathogenic microbes play a crucial role in defending against these diseases.
Symbiotic Relationships
- Plant Associations: Microorganisms are symbiotically associated with plants, aiding in nutrient and water uptake, thus enhancing plant growth and health.
- Pest and Stress Control: In agriculture, microbes help in controlling pests and weeds and ameliorating plant stress responses.
-Source: Indian Express
