Context:
A recent study by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry reveals that mesophotic coral ecosystems in the Eastern Tropical Pacific are under siege from both warm water-induced bleaching and cold-water exposure. Published in the journal Science of the Total Environment, the findings underscore the escalating risks threatening the health and functionality of these vital reefs.
Relevance:
GS III: Environment and Ecology
Dimensions of the Article:
- Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems
- About Coral Reefs
Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems
Definition and Location
- Mesophotic coral ecosystems are located in the warm waters of tropical and subtropical regions, specifically at depths ranging from 100 to 490 feet below the ocean’s surface.
Ecological Significance
- These ecosystems are primarily composed of corals, sponges, and algae, which collectively contribute to the structural complexity of the habitat.
- Mesophotic coral ecosystems are crucial for the health of shallower coral reefs, offering refuge and breeding grounds for a variety of fish species, which rely on these deeper waters for spawning, breeding, and feeding.
Biomedical Potential
- The unique organisms found within mesophotic corals are known for their specialized defense mechanisms, which are being studied for potential applications in creating new natural health products.
Research Challenges and Advances
- Previously, the exploration of these ecosystems was restricted by technological limitations, as they were too deep for traditional scuba diving yet not deep enough to necessitate the use of sophisticated deep-sea diving equipment.
- Recent developments in underwater technology have now bridged this gap, enabling more detailed study and understanding of these ecologically important areas.
About Coral Reefs
- Indonesia has the largest coral reef area in the world and the Great Barrier Reef of the Queensland coast of Australia is the largest aggregation of coral reefs.
- India, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Chagos have the maximum coral reefs in South Asia.
- Coral Reefs protect humanity from natural calamities acting as a barrier, provide revenue and employment through tourism and recreation and also provide habitats for fishes, starfish and sea anemones.
- Coral blocks are used for buildings and road construction, the lime supplied by corals is used in cement industries and coral reefs may also be used in jewellery.
- India has four coral reef areas:
- Gulf of Mannar,
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
- Lakshadweep islands
- Gulf of Kutch.
Risks and threats to coral reefs
- Due to anthropogenic activities such as coastal development, destructive fishing methods and pollution from domestic and industrial sewage.
- Due to increased sedimentation, over-exploitation and recurring cyclones.
- Coral diseases such as black band and white band due to infectious microorganisms introduced by the human population that live on the coastal regions.
-Source: Down To Earth
