Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals. Whether they entertain civil as well as criminal cases? (10M, 150 words) [GS-2: Indian Polity]

Introduction:

Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals are alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms aimed at delivering speedy justice, but they differ in their processes and scope of cases.

Lok Adalats:

• Lok Adalats are organized under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, and aim to provide informal, conciliatory settlements. They handle civil cases like property disputes, family disputes, motor accident claims, and minor criminal cases (compoundable offenses).
• Decisions are binding, but there is no formal appeal process. However, parties can take the case to regular courts if no settlement is reached.

Arbitration Tribunals:

•  Arbitration is governed by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, and involves resolving disputes outside the court by an appointed arbitrator. It primarily deals with civil disputes like commercial contracts, real estate issues, and business disputes.
•  The decision (arbitral award) is binding, but appeals can be made in specific cases.

Civil and Criminal Case Jurisdiction:

• Lok Adalats handle both civil and criminal (compoundable offenses).
• Arbitration Tribunals only entertain civil disputes and do not handle criminal matters.

Conclusion:

While both Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals offer alternatives to the formal judicial process, Lok Adalats can entertain minor criminal cases, whereas Arbitration Tribunals are confined to civil matters.