In the context of the inherent human drive for profit as a means to attain limitless wealth, can ethical capitalism be considered a viable pursuit? (10 marks, 150 words) [GS-4: Ethics ]

Capitalism, founded on the principles of self-interest, division of labor, and free trade, is a system that aims to create limitless wealth through the continuous reinvestment of surplus profits.

Body:

The Foundations of Capitalism:

• Capitalism relies on rational self-interest as a driving force behind economic activities, leading to higher profits and overall wealth creation.
• The three tenets of capitalism—self-interest, division of labor, and free trade—form the cornerstone of economic growth.
  Ethics in Capitalism:
• Capitalism, while successful, often results in inequitable wealth distribution and unethical practices.
• The question arises whether it is possible to pursue capitalism with ethical considerations.
  Profit with Responsibility:
• Balancing profit and responsibility is crucial. Replacing the ‘economic man’ with the ‘social man’ can restore societal values.
• Concepts like Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) show that capitalism is evolving to incorporate ethics.
  Role of the State:
• Governments worldwide implement regulations to mitigate capitalism’s negative effects, such as monopolies and shareholder protection.
• These regulations reflect a recognition of the challenges inherent in capitalism and the need to address them.
  Reciprocity in Capitalism:
• Establishing a just society requires reciprocal obligations among various stakeholders.
• Measures like subsidies, compulsory licensing, and international agreements like WTO aim to create these obligations within a capitalistic framework.
  Indian Examples of Ethical Capitalism:
• Entrepreneurs in India, like Arunachalam Muruganantham, have demonstrated the possibility of creating wealth while fulfilling social responsibilities.
• Mr. Muruganantham’s invention of low-cost sanitary pad-making machines (Padman) is a notable example.
  Conscientious Capitalism in India:
• Adopting Mahatma Gandhi’s concept of ‘trusteeship,’ where capitalists act as trustees of societal welfare, can promote ethical capitalism.
• Leveraging Corporate Social Responsibility for health, education, and environmental sustainability contributes to inclusive growth and a sustainable environment.

Conclusion:

Capitalism, driven by self-interest, has the potential to integrate ethics into its framework. Balancing profit and responsibility, active state involvement, and fostering reciprocal obligations can pave the way for conscientious capitalism, as demonstrated by examples from India and global trends toward ethical business practices.