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Japan on High Alert Due to Streptococcal Toxic

Context:

Recently, health officials in Japan are on high alert after close to 1,000 cases of a deadly infection were reported across the country. The disease is known as Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS).

Relevance:

GS II: Health

Overview of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)

Definition:

  • Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) is a rare but severe bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria.
  • It occurs when these bacteria invade deep tissues and the bloodstream, releasing toxins that trigger a rapid and severe response in the body.
Symptoms:
  • Initial symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, nausea, and vomiting.
  • Within 24 to 48 hours, these symptoms can escalate to low blood pressure, organ failure, rapid heart rate, and fast breathing.
  • In children, group A Streptococcus (GAS) typically causes strep throat, but in adults, it can lead to more severe symptoms like limb pain, swelling, fever, and low blood pressure.
  • The condition can quickly progress to tissue death, breathing problems, organ failure, and sometimes death, particularly in individuals over 50.
Transmission:
  • STSS is highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact.
  • Group A strep bacteria can also spread via food if it is not handled properly.
Prevention:
  • Preventing STSS involves practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing and covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing.

-Source: India Today


December 2024
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