Context:
Scientists are finding that the gut microbiota may be linked to heart health, some cancers, and even the colour of urine.
Relevance:
GS II: Health
About Gut Microbiota:
- Definition: Refers to trillions of microbes like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites residing in the human gut.
- Historical Term: Previously known as the microflora of the gut.
- Microbiome: The environment in which these microbes live.
Establishment of Human Gut Microbiota:
- Inheritance: Infants acquire initial gut microbes during vaginal delivery or breastfeeding.
- Subsequent Introduction: Diet and environmental exposures introduce new microbes.
Functions of Gut Microbiota:
- Harvesting energy from digested food.
- Protection against pathogens.
- Regulation of immune function.
- Strengthening biochemical barriers of the gut and intestine.
Impact of Microbiota Composition:
- Changes can affect bodily functions.
- Plays a role in various diseases.
Diseases Associated:
- Infections: Harmful bacteria can cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal diseases leading to diarrhea and vomiting.
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Research links bacterial populations to conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
- Metabolic Conditions: Low microbial diversity associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
- Antibiotic Impact: Disturbance by antibiotics can lead to diseases, including antibiotic-resistant infections.
-Source: The Hindu
