Context:
Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the inclusion of noma (cancrum oris or gangrenous stomatitis) in its official list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).
Relevance:
GS II: Health
Noma Disease
- Definition: Noma disease is a rapidly progressing severe gangrenous condition that primarily affects the mouth and face.
- Aliases: Also known as cancrum oris or gangrenous stomatitis.
- Geographical Prevalence: Predominantly found in sub-Saharan Africa.
Affected Population:
- Primarily targets children aged 2–6 years.
- Common among those suffering from malnutrition, infectious diseases, living in extreme poverty, and experiencing poor oral health or weakened immune systems.
- Occurs among immunocompromised adults, including those with HIV, leukemia, and other diseases.
Progression:
- Begins as a soft tissue lesion (sore) of the gums.
- Develops into acute necrotizing gingivitis, rapidly destroying soft tissues.
- Progresses to involve hard tissues and the facial skin.
Transmission and Contagiousness:
- Generally considered opportunistic and non-contagious.
- Cases reported outside sub-Saharan Africa, including Asia-Pacific, the Americas, the Middle East, and Europe.
- Evidence suggests causative agents are non-specific polymicrobial organisms.
- No documented evidence supports direct person-to-person transmission.
Treatment:
- Early detection crucial, with therapy most effective in the early stages (aggressively swollen gums).
- Treatment involves prescription of widely available antibiotics.
- Recommendations and support for improved oral hygiene.
- Use of disinfectant mouthwash.
- Nutrition supplements may be advised.
Conclusion:
- Noma disease poses a severe threat, particularly to vulnerable populations in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions.
- Timely intervention and comprehensive treatment strategies are essential for managing and preventing the progression of this devastating condition.
-Source: WHO
