Current Affairs Quiz 04 November 2023

Answer: D
Both the statements are correct

About Lucy Mission
• It is named after an ancient fossil 3.2 million-year-old ancestor who belonged to a species of hominins.
• It is a 12-year journey of eight different asteroids including one in the Main Belt between Mars & Jupiter and seven Trojans.
• It is NASA’s first single spacecraft mission in history to explore so many different asteroids.
• Lucy will run on solar power out to 850 million km away from the Sun.
• This makes it the farthest-flung solar-powered spacecraft ever, according to NASA.

Aim & Objective:
• To get insights into the formation of the solar system 4.5 billion years ago.
• Investigating the group of rocky bodies that are circling the Sun in two swarms- one preceding Jupiter and the other trailing behind it.

Donald Johnson Asteroid:
• The spacecraft’s first encounter will be with an asteroid that lies in the main belt that can be found between Mars and Jupiter.
• This asteroid is named ‘Donald Johnson’ after the paleoanthropologist who discovered the fossilised remains of “Lucy”.

Asteroids:
Rocky objects revolving around the sun that are too small to be called planets.

Classification based on their orbits:
• Main asteroid belt b/w Mars and Jupiter.
• Trojan asteroids orbit a larger planet in two special places, known as Lagrange points, where the gravitational pull of the sun and the planet are balanced.
○ NASA reports the presence of Jupiter, Neptune and Mars trojans. In 2011, they reported an Earth trojan as well.
• Near-Earth Asteroids (NEA), circle closer to Earth than the sun.

Answer: A

Indus River Basin
• The Indus River (also called the Sindhū) is one of the longest rivers in Asia and the longest river of Pakistan.
• It flows through China (western Tibet), India (Ladakh) and Pakistan.
• Its estimated annual flow is estimated to be twice that of the Nile River making it one of the largest rivers in the world in terms of annual flow.
• The Zanskar river is its left bank tributary in Ladakh.
• In the plains, its left bank tributary is the Panjnad which itself has five major tributaries, namely, the Chenab, Jhelum, the Ravi, the Beas, and the Sutlej.
• Its principal right bank tributaries are the Shyok, the Gilgit, the Kabul, the Gomal, and the Kurram.

Answer: C

What is an FIR?
• An FIR is the document that has been prepared by the police after verifying the facts of the complaint.
• The FIR may contain details of the crime and the alleged criminal.
• The term first information report (FIR) is not defined in the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, or in any other law, but in police regulations or rules, information recorded under Section 154 of CrPC is known as First Information Report (FIR).
○ Section 154 (“Information in cognizable cases”) says that “every information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence, if given orally to an officer in charge of a police station, shall be reduced to writing by him or under his direction, and be read over to the informant; and every such information, whether given in writing or reduced to writing as aforesaid, shall be signed by the person giving it, and the substance thereof shall be entered in a book to be kept by such officer in such form as the State Government may prescribe”.
○ Also, “a copy of the information as recorded…shall be given forthwith, free of cost, to the informant”.

Ans. C

73rd amendment act of 1992
This act has added a new Part-IX to the Constitution of India. It is entitled as The Panchayat and consists of provisions from Articles 243 to 243 O. In addition, the act has also added a new Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution. This schedule contains 29 functional items of the panchayats. It deals with Article 243-G.

The act has given a practical shape to Article 40 of the Constitution.
The act gives a constitutional status to the panchayati raj institutions. It has brought them
under the purview of the justiciable part of the Constitution. In other words, the state governments are under constitutional obligation to adopt the new panchayati raj system in accordance with the provisions of the act. The provisions of the act can be grouped into two categories compulsory and voluntary.The compulsory (mandatory or obligatory) provisions of the act have to be included in the state laws creating the new Panchayati raj system. The voluntary provisions, on the other hand, may be included at the discretion of the states.

Ans. D

China successfully launched a new rocket and prototype spacecraft in a major test of the country’s ambitions to operate a permanent space station Tiangong 2 and send astronauts to the Moon.

Concept:
• A space station is an artificial satellite placed in orbit and is used as a long-term base
• for manned operations in space.
• US and Russia has already launched their space stations.
• The International Space Station, which launched its first piece in 1998, is a large spacecraft which orbits around the Earth and is home to the astronauts. It is a joint project between five participating space agencies – NASA (USA), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada).