26 October 2021 Current Affairs Quiz

Ans. D
Vertical transmission refers to the transmission of an infection from a pregnant
woman to her child.

It can be antenatal (before birth), perinatal (weeks immediately prior to or after birth)
or postnatal (after birth).

This is of grave concern not just because it can potentially cause a newborn to be very
sick, but also because the mechanism of how and when this happens is not always very clear

Among infections of which vertical transmission has been known to happen are HIV, Zika, rubella and the herpes virus.

In fact, one of the biggest worries about the Zika outbreak a couple of years ago was the
possibility of babies being born with birth defects.

Answer: B

About NIPUN Bharat Mission
• National Initiative for Proficiency in reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat) is a scheme to ensure that every child achieves desired learning competencies in reading, writing, and numeracy by end of Grade 3, by the year 2026-27 – to provide an enabling environment in a bid to ensure universal acquisition of foundational literacy and numeracy.
• The NIPUN Bharat Mission is a part of school education programme, Samagra Shiksha.
• NIPUN Bharat initiative will be implemented by school education department of Union government and to implement it, a five-tier implementation mechanism will be set up at national, state, district, block, and school levels across all states and Union territories.
• No additional funding is being allocated for the mission. Instead, money is being allocated from the Samagra Shiksha scheme, which saw a 20% drop in its budget in 2021.
• So far, the goal has simply been to enrol children in school, and then to ensure that they finish Class 10. This mission specifies stage-wise learning goals to ensure that students are acquiring the necessary building blocks.
• The NIPUN Bharat strategy includes changes in curriculum and teaching methods to include more activity, art and story-telling, creation of print-rich materials and resources, teacher training, and stress-free assessment methods in order to reach these goals.
NIPUN Bharat also emphasises the importance of using a child’s mother tongue in teaching, a principle of the National Education Policy 2020, which received some criticism.

Solution: A
Justification: The Kaveri rises in the Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats and it reaches the Bay of Bengal in south of Cuddalore, in Tamil Nadu. Total length of the river is about 760 km. Its main tributaries are Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati and Kabini. Its basin drains parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The river Kaveri makes the second biggest waterfall in India. It is known as Sivasamudram. The Damoder, the Brahmani, the Baitarni and the Subarn rekha are major rivers flowing towards east, not tributaries.

Solution: D
Justification:
Statement 1 and 2: All rivers contain sediments. When a river is stilled behind a dam, the sediments it contains sink to the bottom of the reservoir. As the sediments accumulate in the reservoir, so the dam gradually loses its ability to store water for the purposes for which it was built. If sedimentation continues, it increases water level and can even cause floods.

Solution: D
Justification: Many peninsular rivers flow over hard rocky surfaces, where bed or lateral erosion is not significant, leading to lower sediment load. On the other hand, in Himalayan Rivers, course is deeper, gradient higher and course longer, which results in greater sediment load. Himalayan Rivers have many other depositional features in their floodplains. They also have well- developed Deltas. Most of the rivers of peninsular India originate in the Western Ghats and flow towards the Bay of Bengal. Thus, a large number of the Peninsular Rivers are seasonal, as their flow is dependent on rainfall. During the dry season, even the large rivers have reduced flow of water in their channels.