15 November Static Quiz 2021 (Science)

Correct Answer : C
Answer Justification : Justification and Learning: Furnace oil is a dark viscous residual product used as a fuel in different types of combustion equipment. It conforms to IS:1593-1982 for fuel oils.
The term fuel (furnace) oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, i.e.,
heavier than gasoline and naphtha. It is any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flashpoint of approximately 42 °C (108 °F) and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners.
It is made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. It is used in: Steam Raising In the process industry and thermal power stations.
Industrial Furnaces Metallurgical furnaces, pottery and brick kilns, glass furnaces etc. In marine engines and slow speed engines for power generation. For drying tea leaves In gas turbines for power generation As a feed stock for fertiliser manufacturing
In thermic fluid heaters and hot air generators. The Supreme Court on Friday requested all States and Union Territories to move forward towards a nationwide ban on the use of pet coke and furnace oil to power up industries, in a bid to fight pollution.
Emissions from bunker fuel burning in ships contribute to air pollution levels in many port cities, especially where the emissions from industry
and road traffic has been controlled.
The switch of auxiliary engines from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil at berth can result in large emission reductions, especially for SO2 and PM.

Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification : Justification: Higher concentrations of NO2 damage the leaves of plants and retard the rate of photosynthesis.
The irritant red haze in the traffic and congested places is due to oxides of nitrogen. Nitrogen dioxide is a lung irritant that can lead to acute respiratory disease in children. It is toxic to living tissues also. Nitrogen dioxide is also harmful to various textile fibers as it leads to the breaking of these fibers.

Correct Answer : D
Answer Justification :
Justification: Statement 1: This is a major problem in Delhi where neighboring states of Haryana and Punjab often practice crop residue burning and the PM from those fields reach Delhi aggravating the problem of smog and pollution.
Statement 3: Cold temperatures mean that many nitrates and volatile organic carbon particles remained in the atmosphere, whereas on hot sunny days these would simply evaporate. This aggravates smog. The major culprits from transportation sources are carbon monoxide
(CO), nitrogen oxides (NO and NOx), volatile organic compounds, sulfur dioxide, and hydrocarbons. (Hydrocarbons are the main components of petroleum fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel.) These molecules react with sunlight, heat, ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form the noxious vapors, ground level ozone, and particles that comprise smog

Correct Answer: A Answer Justification :
Justification: A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source. A secondary pollutant is not directly emitted as such, but
forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere. Examples of a secondary pollutant include ozone, which is formed when
hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) combine in the presence of sunlight; nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is formed as nitric oxide (NO)
combines with oxygen in the air; and acid rain, which is formed when sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides react with water

Correct Answer: B Answer Justification :
Justification: Photochemical smog is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone.
This noxious mixture of air pollutants may include apart from Aldehydes Nitrogen oxides, particularly nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide
Peroxyacyl nitrates Tropospheric ozone Volatile organic compounds
The source of it is quite apparent.
The largest contributor is automobiles, while coal-fired power plants and some other power plants also produce the necessary pollutants to facilitate its production.
Due to its abundance in areas of warmer temperatures, photochemical smog is most common in the summer.