13 July Static Quiz 2021 (History)

Solution: (b)
Justification: It is a 9th century Sanskrit poem composed by Jinasena, a Digambar a monk. It deals with the life of Rishabhanatha, the first Tirthankara, and other saints.
Learning: Amogavarsha I, who was a Jain patronized many Jain scholars. His teacher Jinasena composed Parsvabhudaya, a biography of Parsva in verses. Sakatayana wrote the grammar work called Amogavritti. And, the great mathematician of this period, Viracharya was the author ofGanitasaram.

Justification & Learning: Statement 1: By the end of the fourth century B.C., there was a serious famine in the Ganges valley. Many Jain monksled by Bhadrabagu and Chandragupta Maurya came to Sravana Belgola in Karnataka.
Those who stayed back in north India were led by a monk named Sthulabahu who changed the code of conduct
for the monks.
This led to the division of Jainism into two sects Svetambaras (whiteclad) and Digambaras (Sky-clad or Naked). The first Jain Council was convened at Pataliputra by Sthulabahuin the beginning of the 3rd century B.C.
Statement 2: According to the Digambara sect of Jainism, there were five Shruta Kevalins in Jainism Govarddhana Mahamuni, Vishnu, Nandimitra, Aparajita, and Bhadrabahu. Shrutakevalinis a termusedinJainismforthose ascetics who have complete knowledge of Jain Agama (texts).

Solution: (c)
Justification: Gautama’s three main disciples known as Upali, Ananda and Mahakashyap remembered his teachings and passed them on to his followers. It is believed that soon after the Buddha’s death a council was called at Rajagriha where Upali recited the Vinaya
Pitaka (rules of the order) and Ananda recited the Sutta Pitaka (Buddha’s sermons or doctrines and ethics). Sometime later the Abhidhamma Pitaka consisting of the Buddhist philosophy came into existence. It is the last of the three pitakas constituting the Pali Canon, the scriptures of Theravāda Buddhism. It is a detailed scholastic reworking of material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. It does not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or enumerated lists

Solution: (a)
Learning: Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology into Japan around AD 768-770.
The oldest Japanese book, printed in AD 868, is the Buddhist Diamond Sutra, containing six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations.
Diamond Sutra is one of the most influential Mahayana sutras in East Asia and is a key object of devotion and study in Zen Buddhism.

Solution: (a)
Justification: Vajrayāna, Mantrayana, Esoteric Buddhism and Tantric Buddhism refer to the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and “Secret Mantra”, which are systems of beliefs and practices that developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia under varying names and forms. It subscribes to the literature known as the Buddhist Tantras. It includes practices that make use of mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas and the visualization of deities and Buddhas.
According to its scriptures, the term Vajrayana refers to one of three vehicles or routes to enlightenment, the other two being the Sravakayana (also known as the Hinayana) and Mahayana.